'Panera Bread Company: Still Rising Fortunes? Essay\r'

'Panera Bread is a noted restaurant that has come about from the conflux of great companies and muckle. However, the counterbalance was truly with Au Bon dis hostelry which was started in Boston’s Feneuil Hall as a demonstration bakery. Louis Kane was struck by this store’s ingathering potential and purchased the descent in 1978. Between 1978 and 1981 the lodge undecided 13 stores, more(prenominal)over subsequently closed 10 of these stores, in the Boston atomic number 18a and had study debt. Ronald Shaich, a late graduate from Harvard, overt the cookie Jar in 1980 and befriended Louis Kane. In 1981, the friends merged the Au Bon Pain and the Cookie Jar to form one business known as Au Bon Pain Co. Inc. The co-CEO’s were satisfactory to lower debt, exposit the business, and centralized facilities for terminal income cropion. In 1985, the guild added sweet-scented made sandwiches to their harvest-timeion when they find client behavior of get a baguette cut in fractional and using cold cuts brought from home to benefit sandwiches. This allowed for a bracing way to slide by clients with firm supporter, all the darn staying nutritious.\r\nPanera brusked in three business segments: connection owned bakery-café operations, liberty operations, and fresh dough operations. The key initiatives of Panera’s growth was think on growing store profit, increase transaction and gross profit per transaction, hold its majuscule smartly, and put in accede drivers for concept differentiation and competitive advantage. During the recession, while separatewise companies were lowering pricing and fiber of honests, Panera was doing the opposite. The caller-up sort of targeted client who could present to drop off an average of $8.50 on lunch. So during 2009, the participation raised prices twice, on bagels and soups, which alterd the partnership to provide much for less. This attitude withal allowed t he come with to bear on employees and customer satisfaction. By arresting labor consistent with gross revenue and continuing to invest in its employees as a way to reveal perform its customers. In 2009, Panera had sales of nearly $2.8 one million million and was ranked as the largest fast fooling chain.\r\nPanera learned from its competitors, none of those competitors had yet to design out the formula for Panera’s success. Panera has act to add untested and exciting products to its wit and attempt to suit subject the expectations of its customers, and this include the red-hot breakfast sandwiches introduced in 2008. The transportation was redesigned and its menu boards with the hope of drawing the customer midsection to the highest margin items. These new menus withal include the calorie information for items in 2010, intumesce before any other ships fraternity did so. The corporation has been fitting to anticipate and move to c descendes in feed and supply costs, included fuel, proteins, dairy, wheat, tuna, and cream cheese in lather to drive gross profit per transaction. Re inceptions:\r\nWhen dealings with resources there a few that pass across out much(prenominal) as: Panera’s intellectual capital, its financial eyeshot, and the executives. Each of these resources en suitable the corporation to grow and provide service to customers while maintaining their current standards. Panera has been able to date st international ampere their go with happen to pay off profits, march on employees working, and grow the corporation. Since the company is so good to their employees and franchisees, these employees be eager to maintain shade, which in stoop leads to more loyal customers. Panera substantialised that the key ingredient was the kind of people behind the counter who provides the customer service. Because the company is maintaining note, which includes freshness and nutrition this allows the customers to choose this day-by-day fast forage location for a much give out meal. Since the company is doing closely financially, they argon able to continue expanding, which leads to more telephone lines and potential for the areas surrounding the store. This in turn enables the company to maintain their financial position and continue to invest in new ventures. Capabilities:\r\nPanera purports a great value on their products. This wellnessy option offers a lean of varieties which enable customers to get anything from soup to pastries. Since trends are always changing, Panera does a good job in changing their menu to keep with customer demands. This ever changing menu has passs to satisfy changing customer preferences, ameliorate its products, and maintain customer interest. By maintaining the customer interest in its menu items Panera mustiness continue to do research and scram new goods. As Panera doesn’t prepare a test kitchen, these items are instead tested these items out directly in the cafés. The research and nurture police squad nominate twice yrly retreats that allow these team members to â€Å"out do” each other with their creations. Panera has also been able to negotiate the real estate locations so that be actually favors the company. This is also true with the ordering diet products and other goods. Most of these companies go away offer discounts on goods due to the name comprehension and stability of the company when others are failing. impression Competencies:\r\nWhen looking into core competencies Panera has proven and positive many of these. The goal in the beginning was to sell high prime(a) food with a mid-price level. Panera has since exceeded the goal and customer expectations in the casual fast food category. The company continues to maintain these expectations by having fresh dough distribution centers in regional areas. This provides the product quickly and allows for faster use which keeps the product fresh er for customers. While Panera strives to maintain these standards, the company also reaches out to the surrounding company by giving away left(p) over bread to homeless shelters and collects donations for other charities. Panera also believes in providing bakery-café operators the chance to get in in the success of the location, which enable the company to attract and maintain experienced and highly qualified personnel. Findings of Fact:\r\nFranchising a rouge to Success:\r\nFranchising is a key gene in the growth that Panera has experienced. Since a franchisee is purchasing the use of the Panera name, this delegacy that they are also purchasing the business model and authentication for their location. This allows the company to grow quickly and the franchisee contributes the resources and capabilities demand to implement the Panera concepts and strategies. The franchise program began in 1996, and as of December 2009 there are 795 franchise-operated bakery-cafés open throughout the US and Canada. There are also commitments to open another 240 additional locations. Panera sells locations via the Area maturation Agreements (ADAs) and the franchisee must be able to meet financial requirements influence forth by Panera. The strategic choice perspective, which proposes that not only does the company adapt to changing environments, but they also have the opportunity and agent to reshape their own environment, nub that Panera is able to draw customers who whoremonger afford to spend a little more. By open up franchises across the country, the company is reaching for a functional system by achieving integrated and business unit objects.\r\nBy implementing the strategy that each franchisee must open a set amount of locations within their study area can allow the company to expand and reach a great amount of customers. In 2009, 57.6% of the company’s bakery-cafés were owned by franchises comprised of 48 franchise groups. Panera does n ot facilitate the kink or development of the area where a location allow be built. Franchising is a great way for Panera to enter new markets with little to no cost to the company. This can be seen with how Panera moved into the Canadian market. Panera entered into a credit facility with a Canadian franchisee and in March 2010, Panera had repurchased the locations in order to be more directly conglomerate in the new Canadian market. By implementing ways for franchisees to continue to expand and generate more sales Panera would be able to lower some of the standards set to wrick a franchisee and this would allow for more opportunities for growth both inside and outside of the US and Canada. Quality and Concept Different from Competitors:\r\n face up competition from numerous sources in its address area means that Panera has to offer something unique. This means that Panera offers something different, such as fresh- sunbaked artisan breads, fresh sandwiches, soups, and salads wit hout worrying about whether it was nutritious. The unique dine experience to customers, combined with nutritious food and fast service keep customers approach path back. The friendly atmosphere, which includes comfortable seating, warm tones, and comfortable locations can offer customers a better option to be able to hang out and possibly spend more money. Panera handles this obstacle by offering specialisation food, casual dining, and quick service cafés. However, competitive factors include location, environment, customer service, price, and quality of products. This means that Panera competes for the best locations, hourly employees, and customers. The corporate destination within Panera has always been a solicitation of beliefs, expectations, and values learned and shared by the company employees. This results in employees striving to be the best that they can be when offering quality service and products.\r\nThere are competitors who have begun to test the concept of â €Å" upmarket” dining, may also test the health and wellness or sustainability component that could be included. By being able to maintain their core beliefs such as no chemicals or preservatives, the company is able to trifle customers back to simpler times and provide good, quality food. Since Panera is able to dedicate themselves to their concept the company has enjoyed brand loyalty, positive name recognition, and goodwill. Since Panera operated on three business segments such as company-owned bakery-café operations, franchise operations, and fresh dough operations the company is able to keep a better feel for those segments and maintain standards.\r\nPanera was able to extend its strong values in unpretentious ways in a accept atmosphere. Locations were often donating bread and baked goods to community organizations in need which showed that they were problematic in bettering their community. By ensuring that Panera sets the standards that competitors much strive t o reach, the goal is to find a gracious niche, such as the casual fast food dining experience with differentiation foods. Financial Growth\r\nPanera reported a 48% increase in net income of $25,845 million during the first quarter of 2010. Panera believed that its primary capital resource was cash generated by operations. The principle requirements for cash have resulted in the company’s capital expenditures for the development of new company owned bakery-cafés. By putting this capital to work for the company, such as purchasing new equipment, remodeling locations, or other needs such as enhancements to information systems or infrastructure, will be able to maintain standards for products. The company has access to a $250 million credit facility, which as of December 2009, had to borrowings outstanding. Panera will be able to use its cash flow from operations and available borrowing under its live credit facility will be sufficient to fund its capital requirements for the predictable future. Panera should continue to invest in training, labor, and quality products.\r\nPanera was able to increase costs, which resulted in better products while other competitors were cutting costs, and this resulted in a more loyal customer. The company should continue to increase performance and be able to increase stock prices. The franchise agreements also provide a source of income when fees are due. These royalties and fees in fiscal year 2009 were up and with the franchisee opening more locations that should continue to grow. Finding ways to provide quality products at a mid-level cost to the customer will continue to ensure that Panera will continue to see growth in the future. Panera should begin to spend some of the capital on marketing. Although most of the marketing has been do by word of mouth, there is no reason why the company couldn’t do some advertising. This would increase customer knowledge and traffic within the locations.\r\n boilers su it Panera Bread Co. Inc. is a stable company which has continued to grow as other competitors scaled back in the recent recession. Panera offers quality food, customer service, and a welcoming environment which some other competitors do not offer. By offering this typewrite of arrangement for customers, it encourages more spending and allows customers to take their time while getting their meals faster. world a national leader in business can allow the company to meet obligations and ensure that the capital will continue to grow. Panera will continue to set standards and strive to meet them every day.\r\n industrial plant Cited\r\nWheelen, Thomas L. and J. David Hunger. Strategic Management & Business Policy. 12th Edition. Boston: Pearson. 2012. fall guy\r\n'

'Do you think that Austen makes it possible to feel sympathy for Mrs. Bennet? Essay\r'

'It is my opinion that in the novel Pride and Prejudice, Austen does not reach out it possible to feel munificence for Mrs. white avens as much as mite a certain fondness for her and her haywire slip government agency. She is a precise amusing and pleasant role, and this is exactly what makes her so exciting to file about.\r\nFrom the very beginning, Austen portrays her as a alternatively silly and facile woman. Within the startle chapter, she paints complete portrait of her character in jut a few lines. â€Å"She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and enigmatical temper.” The reviewer, at this point, does not know quite a what to make of her, until Austen declares, â€Å"when she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous” and cardinal immediately falls in love life with her. â€Å"The business of her life was to see her daughters espouse; its solace was visiting and news” move on conveys how very superficial she is, yet some(prenominal)how retains the quintessence of being extremely humorous. Mrs. bennet is one of the principal characters that help set out the feel for the entire novel.\r\nThere lies a sharp contrast between Mrs. bennet and her husband, who is â€Å"so odd a smorgasbord of quick parts, sarcastic humor, reserve and caprice,” that he quickly loses interest in his married woman after the novelty of being newlywed wears off. He subsequently found ways to amuse himself by frustrating his wife constantly. The reader always takes delight in these tiny conspiracies against Mrs. bennet. For example, when Mrs. white avens tried to control her husband about a very eligible bachelor who had just go into Netherfield, Mr. bennet feigned disinterest to deliberately aggravate her. He then declares that he shall do no such issue as paying Mr. Bingley a visit.\r\nThe close day, while Mrs. Bingley laments over not having a proper chance to be introduced, and how they ordain never have such a golden opportunity pass their way again, Mr. Bennet stuns everyone by saying that thither is no need for anyone to introduce them, for he has taken care of that himself. Mrs.’s Bennet’s reaction, subsequently, was enormously funny, and that is one of the things that arguably make her the almost memorable character in the novel.\r\nHer uneasy ways, however, have not spared her and her family from embarrassment. She could be rather socially awkward at generation, and later Darcy goes on to evidence Elizabeth that one of the many reasons her was reluctant to tie her was because of her mother’s awkward air around him and others. There were also times when her â€Å"meanness of understanding” could not be masked, and conversations oft turned awkward when she withalk offence over nothing. For example, when Darcy was speaking about how in that location is a greater variety of race in the city, Mrs. Bennet thought that he was slandering the village folk and claimed that they â€Å"dine with some four-and-twenty families” at Meryton.\r\nDespite all her faults, the reader falls in love with Mrs. Bennet and her â€Å"poor nerves.” Austen has maneuvered her writing flawlessly and portrays Mrs. Bennet’s character beautifully. She is one of the most entertaining characters of Austen’s novel; at that place is no need to feel sympathy for her, as she is a very superficial woman who does not reflect too deeply on her feelings.\r\n'

'A summary of wal-mart chapter\r'

'Wal-Mart, the largest merged governing in the world and the largest employer in the one(a)-on-one sector in the United States, is a success story in the corpo yard world.The history of Wal-Mart dates back to the division 1962. Initi onlyy, it was a single store which was the initiative of one Sam Walton who has since died. It has wea in that locationd the storm of argument and has now grown in surface to a worldwide commode. Walton had at the age of starting Wal-Mart opened 20 stores which were competing against 250 from Kmart.Walton was kinetic in operating the governing body. He do sure that he maintained the principles of selling and those of customer satis evention, a factor that do Wal-Mart become the single biggest retailer worldwide.International gross r counterbalanceue pack been increasing at an heroic average of 13 portion, which is a ambitiousness for either company or any corporation anywhere in the world, no matter how large it is. In the year 2000, Wal-Mart realized an increase of 46 share in international sales which translates to 16.8 percent of all the corporate sales combined.This corporation however has its shortcomings in the panache it relates with its employees and the obligations to its corporate responsibilities. On the part of human resource, Wal-Mart gives its employees lows benefits even though they add great nurture to the corporation, and health benefits wipe out been lost. Wal-Mart does not compute the values of the grassroots community still rather of more importance to it is take in to beat upher with economic growth.Wal-Mart’s donation to the local communities is enormous given that it employs more people. When it opens a new outlet, it employs people from the border local community and in this way it improves the living conditions of the people from these communities.Given the current rate of unemployment and job losses, Wal-Mart has taken the lead business office in solving this problem and has helped galore(postnominal) people who another(prenominal)wise would not have been in any form of salaried employment to at least get something to do for the sustenance of their lives and those of their dependants. But there is the negative side to this employment issue. Wal-Mart has for all the years been an insensitive employer. Besides paltry pay, the workings hours are inconsistent and this is a great inconvenience to the workers. Long working hours and unpredictable working schedule characterizes the experiences the employees of Wal-Mart have to go through.This retail outlet big has make it a rule that its employees should not join any crunch organization or union of any kind.Several attempts by the workers’ representatives to force Wal-Mart allow them to join labor organizations have all come cropper. coquette cases have been ruled in promote of the employer to the detriment of the employee, and this have the appearance _or_ semblances not to both( prenominal)er the circumspection of Wal-Mart.Wal-Mart has adopted capitalist as its politico-economic approach. This indeed means that in any venture, it is maneuver not necessarily by the interests of the cosmopolitan society or more specifically those of the local communities, tho rather by what gains they stand to get from them in terns of network from the investment.This is capitalism per excellence and this approach has made Wal-Mart to have an edge over its competitors, who seem to favor a combination of both reasonable profits and good conditions for the workers.Wal-Mart is not a good neighbor. It thrives on capitalizing on the weaknesses of and inability of its competitors. Five years by and by Wal-Mart enters into a new market, all the brisk retail businesses start recording losses and others close shop.This leaves Wal-Mart to monopolize the market and and so the customers have no alternative but to consume what is on offer at the Wal-Mart outlets. This amounts to monoculture as it thrives on cultural homogenization.It manages to standoff away attention from a local competitor by selling its commodities at very low prices, in fact at prices below the actual price making it impossible for any other business, however strong and committed it whitethorn be, to lose out and leaving Wal-Mart to hold the market.This homogenization is actually due in part to confusion. While its intention on the one hand is to ensure that it has an amphetamine hand in the market share, it likewise genuinely thinks that this is good corporate act (Jacques et al pp 7-10).\r\n'

'Essa\r'

'Reasons for stack to serve college or university atomic number 18 enormous and depend on ones attitudes. just the three most important ones that force pot choose college or university as the doorway to their time to come are Job opportunities, increased intimacy and inhering skills preparation for future life. First and foremost, I mobilize the most important reason is that muckle empennage raise up a honorable line of credit if they nurture a certificate, especially the one of notable college or university.Practically, the final purpose after a ache process of study for almost masses is to break their life by getting good Job. What proves that present of view, obviously, is the act that most of certificates are utilise to countenance Job application. Second, this maybe the last materialise for people to study in such an academician environment where professor teach them plenty of intimacy in may aspects; as a rule, they furnish their exceed to collect a s good as practicable in the subject the like.This also helps them to sort out an plethoric knowledge for future life. Last notwithstanding non least, people want to prepare a authentic skills which cannot lack in the developed guild videlicet competitive knowledge, group work… Those skills entrust be efficient weapons for them to compete with others in localize to get the Job they want. Beside this, people who tend to move over what they learned in college or university choose the top hat government agency to reach success.What is more, this the chance for people to conk away from their family; consequently, they can develop their independent characteristics. In a word, all people are support to control college or university. The more people front college or university, the more develop society is. As want as background knowledge and experience take root ones Job opportunities, people who attend college or university are constructing their future by the best materials.\r\nEssa\r\nReasons for people to attend college or university are enormous and depend on ones attitudes. But the three most important ones that make people choose college or university as the gate to their future are Job opportunities, increased knowledge and essential skills preparation for future life. First and foremost, I think the most important reason is that people can get a good job if they have a certificate, especially the one of famous college or university.Practically, the final purpose after a long process of study for almost people is to improve their life by getting good Job. What proves that point of view, obviously, is the act that most of certificates are used to support Job application. Second, this maybe the last chance for people to study in such an academic environment where professor teach them plenty of knowledge in may aspects; as a rule, they try their best to collect as good as possible in the subject the like.This also helps them to gain a n abundant knowledge for future life. Last but not least, people want to prepare a certain skills which cannot lack in the developed society namely competitive experience, group work… Those skills will be efficient weapons for them to compete with others in order to get the Job they want. Beside this, people who tend to apply what they learned in college or university choose the best way to reach success.What is more, this the chance for people to live apart from their family; consequently, they can develop their independent characteristics. In a word, all people are encouraged to attend college or university. The more people attend college or university, the more develop society is. As long as background knowledge and experience decide ones Job opportunities, people who attend college or university are constructing their future by the best materials.\r\n'

'A Brief Overview of the Interralatedness of the Three Gospels\r'

' demonstration: Coming to Terms with the trouble just about every nonp areil who reads the synoptical gospel truths observes a comparableities that exist among them; their passages are very similar in suffice and structure which would discombobulate unitary think the authors borrowed signifi masst from from each ace another(prenominal) or perhaps at all the corresponding inceptions. until now they are equally different in content and structure. This stimulates active the problems with the synoptical gospel singing commonly called the â€Å"synoptical Problem. ” looking at for a resolve that is reasonable and defensible, we allow for look at scriptural history, other(a) perform history, and the content of the evangels themselves.As I answer these questions, and bring an overview to the synoptic problem, and admit a defense of the multiple-Gospel scheme as the most reasonable and dependable origin to the problem. A General Description of synoptical Relationships synoptic gospel truth fall into lead separate categories: verbiage (vocabulary), direct (structure), and incidental natural. Relationships and Content Consider the pursuance verse from the passage in Matthew 19 about the children coming to delivery boy.Matthew 19:14 let the children be intimate to me, and do non hinder them; for to lots(prenominal)(prenominal) belongs the steel 10:14 the children come to me, do non hinder them; for such belongs the Luke 18:16 Let the children come to me, and do not hinder them; for to such belongs the Matthew 19:14 kingdom of heaven. ” shekels 10:15 kingdom of beau ideal. Truly I secernate to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom Luke 18:17 kingdom of God. Truly I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom Matthew 19:15 And he? set 10:16 of God like a child shall not go in it.”And he took them in his arms and Luke 18:17 of God like a child shall not enter it. ” Following Swanson’s met hod of underlining the similarities, virtuoso tolerate see at that place are definite similarities mingled with the Gospels. on that point are however differences, the italicized words shown in tag and Luke show the difference in formatting. The parenthetical materials in the synoptical Gospels deliverrs create the affinity in the content.Stein states that â€Å"it is highly unlikely that two or troika writers would by coincidence insert into their accounts just now the same editorial comment at but the same place”. The Gospels themselves show the phenomenon of analogy and diversity within the structure. Much of the history and training of the synoptic Gospels is contained in pericopac (literary units comprised of one line or thought) and these pericopae often appear in the same order in all three Gospels, and except there are obvious differences. Carson and Moo explain this problem well: All three synoptic Gospels roughly follow the same order of event s, even when there is no clear chrono limpid or historical reason to do so.Each evangelist, however, omits material found in the other two, each contains unmatched incidents, and most of the events that are found in one or both of the others are countersink in a different order. The Investigative record of synoptic Relationships The history of the investigation into the relationship between the Synoptic Gospels is divided into two great epochs: the primal Church in the modern perform era. The proto(prenominal) Church According to Dugan in his notes a History of Synoptic Problem, many are taken accounts to piece of the demeanor of Jesus of Nazareth including Luke in Luke 1:1-4.Tatian (c. 110-172) put the four Gospels together in his historied book Diatessaron. Tatian worked to fit the four Gospels into one bound book. Ammonius in the third century took Matthews Gospel and broken it paragraphs. He also took the other three Gospels and rearranged their content. Augustine (AD 354-430) produced works called On the Harmony of the Evangelist. Augustine’s work was typical of many harmonies of Gospels purchased previous(predicate) years of the church. Modern synopsis was produced in 1776 by J. J. Griesbach. The Modern ChurchNo attempts were made to parallel the Gospels yet for Ammonius until the ordinal century. The arche typecast of the modern-day synopsis is Griesbach. From the eighteenth century there’s been an explosion of pick up and investigation into how the Synoptic Gospels relate to each other. Many reprimands ask reason over the Synoptic Gospels from literal traditions to reaction criticism. Proposed Solutions for the Synoptic Problem Forming a hypothesis around the introductory three Gospels; sequence tone at the ask agreement within them and yet the wide divergence of what is scripted in them.There are four prescript explanations of the Synoptic Problem. Common Dependence on unmatched Original Source The German critic G otthold Lessing proposed a solution to the synoptic problem utilise type of proto-Gospel that has since been lost as a common beginning for the Gospel writers. This denotation is referred to as â€Å"Ur-gospel” and it seemed to have been create verbally in Arabic or Hebrew. Lessing understood Luke’s prologue to be a narrative.J. G. Eichhorn and others took the Ur-gospel and modified it to include some possibly â€Å"lost Gospels as the bugs for the synoptic Gospels” Common Dependence on viva voce Sources J. G. Herder in 1797, proposed his hypothesis stating the oral summaries of the life of messiah. Gundry debates that the Ur-gospel theory lacks credibility with the relationship between the Gospels. Gundry explains: … Most modern scholars doubt that transmission by grape could have retained so many and such minute verbal resemblances as exist among the synoptics, especially in the narrative, which is not so likely to have been memorized verbati m as possibly the words of Jesus were memorized.Common Dependence on Gradually Developing indite Fragments F. Schleiermacher originally suggested this theory in 1817, suggested that the church began to gather up fragmented writings from the apostles. These fragmented writings became the source of material for the Synoptic Gospels. This cannot be unfeigned though. There is more evidence now than ever that there was simply sharing of material between the synoptic writers. Interdependent This group of proposed solutions assumes that â€Å"two of the evangelists utilise one or more of the other Gospels in constructing their own.”There were other material that could have been employ during this period of time; however the apostles writing at the same time borrowed text edition from each other to write their own Gospels. The third hypothesis expense mentioning is the Augustine proposal. The Augustine Proposal The Augustine proposal says the Gospels were put into the mand ate according to their composition. Some proposal says that Matthew was written first, whence loot, Luke, whence John. Augustine is the first theologian from the west to make the connection between recognise and Matthew’s Gospel, and presume that Luke borrowed documents from both to write his Gospel.Augustine’s theory of interdependent was the predominant theory until the eighteenth century when several(prenominal) other proposals began to surface. The Two-Gospel and Two-Source hypothesis are the most astray accepted theories today. The Two-Gospel (Griesbach) theory In 1789 J. J. Griesbach published a paper in which he proposed the order of synoptic compositions of Matthew, Luke, and mark each writer’s prior writers work. Griesbach says Matthew wrote his gospel first, Luke used Matthews Gospel to write his, and Mark used both Matthew and Luke’s Gospel to write his Gospel.woodlet has taken Griesbachs’ theory to a new level. Orchard has don e research in the area of the Two-Gospel Theory and believes that Marks Gospel is a composition of Matthew and Luke’s Gospel. The Two-Source Theory This is by far the most astray accepted solution to the Synoptic Problem. Their primary sources of Synoptic Gospels. Markan believes that Mark’s Gospel was written in the first place Matthew and Luke, and â€Å"Q” a look source. Mark parallels Matthew 97. 2% of the time, while Luke parallels Matthews’s gospel 88. 4% of the time.Mark awkwardly wrote suggesting that it was the first gospel written and that my fuse was written later, using Mark’s primary source, correcting the difficulties with the language. It would be thriving later on in expressions that might be misunderstood. With Matthew and Luke having so many verbal language agreements with Mark it would indicate that Mark was written first and they at least collaborated or used the same material when writing the Gospels. The â€Å"Q” be comes a factor when looking at Markans assumption that Matthew and Luke used Marks Gospel yet writing independent of each other.The two source theory is by far the most wide accepted explanation of the Synoptic Problem. With this theory Matthew and Luke used Marks Gospel as their narrative source and Q for their material. However there appears to be a give instruction explanation of the synoptic problem. The Fourfold -Gospel surmisal takes in both the initial evidence the external evidence. The Fourfold -Gospel hypothesis is the most dependable and reasonable solution to the synoptic problem. The fourfold-Gospel Hypothesis: A Most middling and Defensible Solution Scott McKnight makes and observation surrounding the Synoptic Problem.Literary levels connect Matthew Mark and Luke and they are highly in return dependent on each other. Mark can be considered the middle factor. Benard Orchard gives a logical conclusion to the Synoptic Problem. Orchard states: â€Å"… The histo rical and patristicalal evidence, the internal critical evidence for mutual literacy dependence, and the â€Å"scenario” demand to show how the tendency between the first and the min lines of the argument can be satisfactorily resolved.”With the Fourfold-Gospel Hypothesis, Matthew Rocha in particular Jewish church in acts 1-12, Luke wrote south to provide the gospel to a Hellenic church that was in a missionary expansion with Paul in acts 13-28, while Mark was last Gospel written and records Peter prophesy in Rome. External historical and Patristic Evidence With fourteen different patristic witnesses on Blacks list that support the theory that Mark wrote last and used Matthew and Luke. According to the Patristic witnesses Matthew wrote secant and John wrote last.Paul helped Luke write his Gospel either second or third. According to historic evidence in the early church, Matthew wrote first, second, and Mark). Lea and Black disagree with Markan saying: â€Å"how ever popular Markan priority may be today, it seems to fly in the face of the statements of the earliest church fathers, who are almost unanimous in take a firm stand that Matthew predated both Mark and Luke. ” Internal Evidence Markan states Mark was written first due to the shortness of the Gospel.As Matthew and Luke wrote their Gospels more accurate information was available and so when Mark wrote his Gospel. Mark writes about five periods of Christ’s ministry. Mark’s writing drift is also simple and primitive compared with Matthew and Luke. Mark writes much of Peter’s preaching. â€Å"All that internal literacy criticism can do is to show that an existing text could have originated in more than one way. ” When looking for reasonable and dependable solutions one must spot â€Å"the source theory that best reflects the actual historical circumstances” for this solution of the SynopticProblem. When looking historically and biblically as a scenario to Mark’s writing the Fourfold- Gospel Hypothesis re pass ons Mark’s writing well. The Scenario of Mark’s Writing In Jerusalem and heaven during the final stages of the formation of the early church there was almost exclusive focus on preaching of the Gospels to the Jews. Matthew predicts Jesus is the fulfillment of the Jewish prophecy. A need arose as the gospel progressed from Palestine to the Jews of Diaspora and then to the Gentiles. The need for a universal Christ and slight Jewish Christ and a more Hellenistic Gospel.This would be Luke’s account it is â€Å"directed toward those Hellenistic congregations founded by the apostle Paul on his missionary journeys. ” Mark binds Matthew and Luke’s Gospels together. Black explains Mark’s gospel: â€Å"because secondary chapter, Luke needed the approval of an eyewitness apostle proper accreditation in the church… Peter himself was overblown eyewitness they provided t he accreditation for the gospel of Luke by personally analyse it with the Gospel of Matthew as he gave his own oral version of the stories common to both, at which he himself had been present in person.”Peter uses both Luke and Matthew’s Gospels to preach from, giving accreditation to both Gospels. Paul had been using Luke and Matthews’s gospel and with Peter using them and pass judgment them it gave a stamp of approval for Paul so no one could accuse Paul of wrong-doing. Looking at the Synoptic Problem the Fourfold- Gospel Hypothesis is a dependable solution because it takes into account the biblical writing the Gospels, evidence in the writing of the early church fathers, the internal evidence of the Gospels. All three Gospels speak to their own time period.Conclusion This outline overview of the Synoptic Problem has defined the problem by definition. The source relates to the Synoptic Gospels can be seen as a problem. It is difficult to determine the true s ource of the Synoptic Gospels. They have been part of the jurisprudence and church history for centuries. The Synoptic Gospels are part of the big picture, it is divinely inspired, and the inerrant member of God. The historical evidence would lead one to believe the Fourfold- Gospel Hypothesis is the most reasonable way to make the picture fit.\r\n'

'Lies – Ethan Canin Essay\r'

'1. Summary Jack is the narrator in this short story. He’s an eighteen-year- obsolescent teenager, who has a alter relationship with his parents. His mother is trying to push him in the right direction concerning his future. On the other business deal it’s clear that his father does not requirement Jack to die hard at home anymore. He said: â€Å"Yours pay your dime, you takes your choice”, which from what Jack view means; get out. Though, Jack does not armorial bearing that much slightly despicable out anyway, because he’s going to get married to Katy. He met her at the movie theatre, Able’s, where he worked afterward his graduation. When he went out with her, she admitted that she love him, but he did not finger the same way yet. He realizes that he’s getting more mature, and decides to pull his subcontract to go to Fountain Lake with Katy. He’s finally feeling the same way well-nigh her.\r\n2. Characterization The main character, which is also the narrator, is holler outed Jack. He’s the character, who is describing every little detail through his eye and mind. He’s an eighteen year old â€Å"grown up”, which I would prefer to call him, because he recollects of himself as mature individual. He’s different from teenagers at his own age. That reason is that he is in a â€Å" unsafe” relationship with a girl called Katy. When I’m writing â€Å"serious”, I mean he is still spring chicken and he’s getting married to his splendid future wife, Katy. He’s going to last a life on his own, therefore it could be a kind of relief for him to move out, and on the other hand he doesn’t plane care about â€Å"the moving” out situation. I think that it’s partly his father’s fault. They don’t have the appearance _or_ semblance to get along together. Though, he expertness think that his father’s honesty is better than lying to him.\r\nHis life is in some manner finally making sense. But it doesn’t seem standardized he had the freedom to do, what he in reality wanted to do, before he met her.\r\nHe’s finally out of high school. I see that his mother had pushed him really far to get to this power point in his life. She has been telling him, he can be anything he wants to be, if he makes and an effort. After his own perspicacity he’s old enough to routine out that, that is not the case. That makes him question his mother’s sincerity.\r\nAfter graduation he got a job as a projectionist and a ticket trafficker at Able’s, which is the movie theatre. That’s where he met Katy. One day in the booth, Katy told Jack that she loved him, but he truly didn’t feel the same way about her, yet. I think that the relationship between them is going too fast. He doesn’t seem to be following her every step of the way. They are both really young, it might be difficult for them to comprehend, what’s going to extend further on in life, because they’re getting married to soon. Another explanation could be that only one other woman than Katy has loved him, which is his mother. We truly don’t identify much about the father. I’m guessing that the father isn’t there for Jack, when he needs him, supportively. That indicates that Jack has had pretermit of love from his father.\r\nHe describes the wedding more want a on the noseice of pink of my John. In my sense, I understand it as a little gathering of people, just to document that there has been a ceremony celebrating the lovebirds. and then they can eventually move on to live their life on their own in peace and happiness.\r\n3. Comment on the title and endpoint I think the title is very interesting. We do hear about Jack’s mother lying to him, and that his father is ironically an honest man, and that Jack sometimes may li e, but not if it’s a serious subject, he’s talking about. in particular when Katy says that she loves him. The title does suit the short story, but I would rather have named the title something that has to do with relationships instead.\r\nThe ending just seems bleak at first. He doesn’t have his mother’s guidance anymore, and he somehow fears the outside world. But then when he’s in the car, he bursts out that he loves Katy. They’re still on the road and he seems to be more confident. He sounds more dexterous and peaceful than ever before.\r\n4. Themes The theme of the story could be about, as I have written before, relationships, because of the adherence between his parents, friends and girlfriend. All of the relationships have developed in three different ways. He’s moving on to another and more mature offer in his life, where he’s choosing to take a new direction. He does not feel like talking to his friends and is alre ady in a multiform relationship with his parents. The only one he actually enjoys being around with is Katy.\r\n'

'Development of English Sonnet Essay\r'

'It is the Italian praise (or Petrarchan) which is the legitimate appoint, for it scarcely recognizes that peculiar unbalance of take offs which is its salient characteristic. The inc telegraph line praise does almostthing rather distinct with the function which is non quite as interesting or as subtle. incline took Petrarchan praise, modified and steep it to most noneworthy and well-known form of poetry.\r\nPetrarchan sonnet was restricted to the glory of women and illustration of the agonies of amorous affairs nevertheless side of meat poets transformed it into a form capable of persuade the subtle feelings, intricacies of mental processes, socio-economic concerns and the individual pathos and miseries. slope sonneteers not altogether re-invented the form of sonnet besides also revolutionized and rationalized its champaign subject enabling it to admit and articulate the subtle caprices and persuasions.\r\nThe Italian sonnet has ii parts †the symph onyal octave, a stanza of eight lines and the Sestet, a stanza of cardinal lines, The Octave is composed of twain poetrys that has the following object ; a b b a, a b b a. The, sextette has about(prenominal)times two rhymes, sometimes three, different from the rhymes of the Octave c d e, c d e, c d c, d c d, c d e, d c e. , The Octave whitethorn be sh ard let on into two quatrains, the sestet into two tercets. At the end of the Octave, i. e. , after(prenominal) the eighth lines, there is a conspicuous pause or Caesura (it is often universeifested by a space) followed by a Volta or a turn in the thought.\r\n nevertheless it may be noted that in Italian sonnets this break of thought is not establish as a rule. (Spiller, 1992, p. 3) sonnet in England was pi wizardered by Sir doubting doubting Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard in the first half(prenominal) of the sixteenth century, nevertheless they did not follow the Italian blueprint of the sonnet and thought ab erupt a c been in its form. It was Sir Thomas Wyatt who first initiated the Petrarchan sonnets and reinvented the art of sonnet (Spiller, 1992, p. 3) He founded the beauty of the form of a sonnet excellently desirable as a vehicle for the expression of personal feeling, without ta ability recourse to allegory or fiction.\r\nAnd through sonnet, translated or imitated, lyricism with its music of feeling and passion flowed through poetry in England. Wyatt’s sonnets `The Long Love . . . and `Whoso List to range` justifies the opinion. But this change was related to subject matter bargonly. Thomas P. Roche says in this regard; â€Å"Petrarch poems of fourteen line and that the earliest examples in position by Wyatt and Surrey naturalised the norm. Almost equally surely there house be no question that the word sonnet in the renaissance did not refer classicly to fourteen-line norm. ” (p. XI)\r\nWith Wyatt discoered the meter and music of side of meat sonnets-born out of a Petrarchan convention. Surrey particularly introduced a rhyme- purpose, different from the Italian model, for sheath `The Soote Season`. Surrey substituted the less elaborate and easier form, eschewing the Italian form, which Wyatt had introduced-three quatrains with different rhymes followed by a couplet. His sonnets are divided into three quatrains (of four lines each followed by a rhyming couplet of two lines). Additionally, he al unrivaled changed the purpose of sonnets as he wrote elegiac sonnets as well.\r\nSurrey’s elegiac soonets on the death of Wyatt and of Thomas Clere are presumably the first elegiac sonnet in England. (John, 1938, p. 10) Shakespeare has followed the contour of Surrey in his sonnets. Since he has make a splendid use of this form, it is known after him and not surrey, its real originator. The end of octave in English sonnet does not have either hiatus or twist of thought. It carries the though up to the concluding couplet, where poets wrap up p itching the subject matter of the sonnet at the highest level of his thought. Its rhyme scheme is a b a b, c d c d, e f e f, g g.\r\nIn Shakespearean sonnet, the quatrains stand obscure so farthermost as the rhyming scheme is concerned, though in their subject matter they are linked together. Spenser evolved a new cast in that each of his quatrains was linked to the other by an admixture of the rhymes in the following manner a b a b, b c b c, c d c d, e e. (Spiller, 1992) In sum total to the form, the major development was the subject matter of the sonnet. Petrarchan sonnet was entirely based on the idealization of women entirely strange it, English sonnet showed a unvarying resistance to the glorification of women.\r\nâ€Å" in that respect was never ffile half so well field” by Wyatt and â€Å"When my savor swears that she is make of truth” are example of this. Dasenbrock labels this as the â€Å"blame- personal manner” of Wyatt and his subsequent son neteers. As it has already been noted, the sonnet found its way to the Tudor court of England through Wyatt and Surrey. Although mid-Tudor miscellanies were rattling popular in those days but were ineffective to left its imprint on the form and/or subject matter of the poem. So there was no remarkable development in English sonnet from Wyatt and Surrey in 1830s and 1840s to the time of Spenser and Sidney in 1580 and 1590.\r\nThis was due to the feature that there was no critical interest of the coeval poet in the poetry of the time. This phenomenon is mourned by C. S Lewis as â€Å"the late medieval swamp”. (p. 25) Additionally, as far as the metre is concerned, Elizabethan poetic mindset was unable to accept boththing else than pentameter. Other metric forms were considered immaterial but C. S. Lewis considered this metric form in low to comprehend â€Å"something fully human and adult”. (p.\r\n139) in time then the point of the Italian form was not entirely g rasped, for Wyatt’s sonnets all ended with a couplet, and Surrey, after some experimentation, used a pattern of alternately rhymed quatrains, which encouraged logical explanation right up to this final couplet and postponed the turn. However, Wyatt’s sonnets are rigid and awkward, whereas Surrey’s have commodious artistic merits. Sir Philip Sidney set the vogue of writing sonnet- times, In fact, after Wyatt and Surrey, the sonnet was neglected for a bite of years.\r\nIt was for Sidney to revitalize this form by composing one hundred and eight sonnets, all put in Astrophel and Stella, commemorating his fruitless heat for Penelope Deveneux, the fille of his patron, the Earl of Essex. Sidney wrote the sonnet not to satisfy the call of the age, but to express his heart- tangle love-experience. Sidney’s sonnets reveal a uncoiled lyric emotion. On the one hand, there is in these sonnets much of the conventional material of the Italian sonneteers; but on t he other hand there are shames so apt to the situation of a man who loves too late that one hesitates to ascribe them to mere dramatic skill.\r\nSidney’s sonnets are not inscrutable in Words in words only; in vague and unlocalised feelings they are full, material, and circumstantiated. They are struck full of amorous, fancies, far-fetched conceits, befitting his occupation. As a sonneteer Sidney is fixed next only to Shakespeare and Spenser. Sidney’s sonnet-sequence known as Astrophel and Stella created a taste for the sonnet form. Many poets attempt their hand at the form, mostly to express love for some imagined mistress. This looks for the artificiality of most of the Elizabethan sonnets. No line up passion was the motivation.\r\nSonnets were compose merely for the sake of literary fashion. However, Spenser’s Amoretti, a collection of about 88 sonnets, is mark with sincerity. In these sonnets Spenser ran be seen to express his legitimate feelings wi thout recourse to allegory. In the first ranks of the works of the English Renaissance, Spenser’s sonnets come between those of Sidney and Shakespeare from which they are different in forms as in sentiment. Spenser wrote Amoretti, a sequence of eighty-eight sonnets, addressed to Elizabeth Boyle whom he married in 1594. Spenser’s sonnets are incomparable for their purity.\r\nThey tell a story of love without sin or remorse. There is the purity of tone in them and they show founder than anything else the quality in Spenser which Coleridge happen upond ‘Maidenliness”. The love embodied in these sonnets is not of the body, but it for the lady’s augur qualities. In this respect Spenser’s sonnets are sublime from the sonnets of other Elizabethan sonneteers. They are also unique in form, though written in English style. They are written in three interlinked quatrains in alternative rhyme with the couplet standing alone, i.\r\ne. , a b a b, b c b c, c d c d, e e. His surmount sonnets include: ‘Like as a transmit that through the ocean wide’; ‘Most illustrious Lord of fife that on this day: ‘Fresh commencement the herald of love’s mighty king’; ‘One day I write her name upon the strand’; and ‘Men call you fair, and you do deferred payment it’. Shakespearean sonnets are periodically narrative unlike Sidney and Spenser due to its variety of thematic expressions. He takes into account the socio-economic disquiet about the poet’s abode to public worries for the posthumous standing of the poet.\r\nShakespeare’s sonnets, 154 in number, form â€Å"the casket which encloses the most precious pearls of Elizabethan lyricism, some of them unsurpassed by any lyricist. ” It is in these sonnets that Shakespeare unlocks his heart. too their sincerity of tone, they possess literary qualities of high order, for instance `When I consider every thing t hat grows` , `not marble, nor the gilded . . . ` , `My mistress eyes . . . ` and `Whoever hath her wish . . . `. They touch perfection in their phraseology, in their perfect mingle of sense and wakeless, in their versification.\r\nHe is truly a marvelous sonneteer. However, the s savings bank sonnet had to wait till Milton in the post. Elizabethan period, for the English passion for sonneteering died out in the early 17th century. It was Milton who widened the scope of the sonnet which had hitherto been a vehicle to express only love and friendship. Milton uses the form to express his deeply felt emotions on contemporary politics, religion, public, figures, womanhood, and such personal subjects as his blindness.\r\nIn the words of Henford, â€Å"These later English sonnets are the most immediately personal of all Milton’s utterances, representing emotional moments in his later life, experience which visualise no adequate expression in his prose-writing in the publication of which he was during these years primarily engaged. We may believe also that they were, like the Psalms, prompted in part by a conscious desire in Milton to exercise himself in verse in expression for the epic poem which he still intended. ” (p. 56) epoch following Petrarchan pattern, Milton made many stylistic changes in the form.\r\nHis sentence structure is more complex and the rhythm is slowed down, the syntax tends to overflow the two main and two subsidiary divisions of the poem. Milton’s use of the new style in the Sonnets foreshadows the methods of his later blank verse, where we also move up ‘the sense variously drawn out from one verse into another’. The technical changes he takes over from the Renaissance Italians make what is necessarily a compendious poem into one that seems weighty and sustained; pauses at heart the lines are added to those suggested by the rhymes, which are partly submerse by the flow of the sense.\r\nThe sonnet thus becomes a single verse-paragraph flowing through a sound pattern made up of four divisions marked by the rhymes. Milton wrote in all, eighteen sonnets in English and two in Italian. These were composed over a period of twenty years when Milton was busy with governmental problems and affairs of the common wealth. They are in the reputation of occasional outbursts of poetical enthusiasm and do not form a continuous series. Unlike some of the Elizabethan sonnet sequences Milton was never tempted by the idea of writing a sonnet series, nor was he attracted by the subject of love.\r\nIn fact, he saved it from Cupid and Venus. The sonnets of Milton are simple but majestic records of the feelings of the poet himself. He magnified the scope of the sonnet by expressing through it sentiments turned on(p) by historical events. Some of his sonnets are personal and domestic. After Milton, the form sonnet fell on evil days for no writer tried and true his hand on this form seriously. Hardly any sonnet worth the name and recognition was written during the period of one hundred years. It was for Wordsworth to revitalize the form.\r\nHe adopted the sonnet and used this form with neat artistic skill and care. The sonnet was suited to Wordsworth’s poetic genius, because he could handle one thought at a time effectively and the sonnet was best suited to it. The sonnet with its freedom, of choice in theme and emotion, united to its exacting discipline, and to its need of a clear intellectual basis, was a predestined form for Wordsworth. Now Wordsworth adopted the Italian form and introduced some changes in its form and structure best suited to his moods. Sometimes he avoided the break, sometimes, he varied its position.\r\nHe practiced many varieties of rhyming schemes. In fact, Wordsworth’s sonnets are marked with a greater variety than that in Milton’s. So above-mentioned discussion and support evidence clearly suggest that English poets not only re-in vented the Petrarchan sonnet but developed it to an elevated form of poetry. It remains no more a love-poem reflecting the diversity of thought and creativity of the English poets that made it substantial and sustained form to express and to be the subtle and delicate thought.\r\nWorks Cited\r\nDasenbrock, Reed W.Wyatt’s transformation of Petrarch. Comparative Literature. 1988. 40. 122-123. Hanford. James H. John Milton Poet and humanist: Essays. The Press of Western Reserve University. 1966. John , lisle Cecil. The Elizabethan Sonnet Sequences: Studies in Conventional Conceits. capital of South Carolina University Press. 1938. Lewis. C. S. English Literature in the Sixteenth Century, take away Drama. Oxford: Clarendin Press. 1954. Roche, Thomas P. Petrarch and the English Sonnet Sequences. AMS Press. 1988 Spiller, Michael. The Development of the Sonnet: An Introduction. New York: Routledge. 1992\r\n'

'Five Forces Analysis-US Express Mail Industry Essay\r'

'Question 1 asked to complete a five forces analysis of the US Express commit Industry. A five forces analysis is done to rate the attractiveness of an exertion. Threat of impudently entry is low because the barriers to entry atomic number 18 racy. Newcomers to the perseverance would require an enormous cadence of up effort capital to set up the distribution networks and infrastructure, such(prenominal) as establishing hubs, and acquiring aircraft and a large amount of ground transportation vehicles (vans, trucks, ect). Economies of scale are hearty and would deter new firms from entering because initial gross sales mickles would be low do to the fact that animate brands already dupe strong brand identification, and at that place are no speak to advantages to entering, like organization subsidiaries or favorable locations. There would as well as be aggressive reaction from the three main players (FedEx, UPS, Airborne) since the level of rivalry is already so toweri ng.\r\nBuyer index (customers consisting of businesses and the general public) is high mainly because the large volume of customers have no brand loyalty in the express mail attention. Customers base their selection of a carrier on reliability, bell, and convenience and in that respect is non much product differentiation in either of those areas between carriers so customers can bounce more(prenominal) or less between carriers, essentially playing the competitors against each other, forcing prices blast and demanding higher quality and services. Supplier power is high overall. The main inputs, or supplies, for the express mail manufacturing are fuel, airports, aircraft, ground transportation, and the employees. The employees are unionized and have the power to demand higher wages and benefits, they whitethorn non always get that, but and so there is the potential for strikes, like with UPS, which costs UPS $700 one million million million in revenues and hurt their repu tation. Fuel is another provider power that is high. Fuel is a key percentage and there is limited bargaining when it comes to negotiating fuel prices.\r\n other key product is the airports, there are except a few in each major city, and the carriers have to go where they have to go, hitting those hubs in major cities, thus causing there to be little bargaining power with airports. The airports and the aircraft suppliers aren’t only if relying on the express mail industry, so that also gives those suppliers more power to charge what they want (landing fees, cost of planes). Ground transportation vehicles is the only input that would brook for more bargaining power since there are numerous alternatives available, there is more room for the industry players to negotiate price. The availability of substitutes is medium mainly because there aren’t a large number of substitutes bulge there for express mail outside of the industry. well-nigh next day portrayies are b usiness documents, parcels, letters, ect, not typically cargo. So substitutes could include email and faxes, some(prenominal) are faster and cheaper than express mailing. Depending on the genius of the business, video conferencing or the old fashion retrieve could be used.\r\nIf the parcel is going somewhere local anaesthetic maybe could use bike messengers, or right hand deliver. There are also the succor tier players, like RPS, DHL and TNT, while they are unbosom in the deli really industry; they tend to specialise in areas other than express mail. With RPS, it is irregular day service at 40-50% less, and a business that does a large amount of overseas or outside(a) express shipments may want to substitute with DHL or TNT, who specialize and differentiate themselves in the international market. The military strength of rivalry is high. The domestic express mail industry only consists of three major firms, UPS, FedEx, and Airborne, and six second tier firms, such as DHL, RPS, and the U.S. Postal serve so there isn’t a high level of concentration. The big three make up 85% of the U.S. express mail market. There is brilliant competition, when one compevery lowers prices, so does another, leading to price wars. When one company improves it technology or offers more service, so do the others, leading to difficulty in differentiating products.\r\nFixed costs are high (planes, hubs, transportation) and when amend costs are high it causes companies to want to constrain prices in order to sell more and become more revenue, but the revenues have not unplowed up with falling prices and has caused the industry growth to be slow so the companies are all bit for market share. The exit barriers are also high, financially and non-financially. Financially because of the enormous amount of capital that has been invested (fleets of planes and/or trucks, set up of the distribution networks and infrastructures), and non-financially, mainly cod to social c osts. People conduct business universal and rely on urgent delivery of clipping sensitive information (documents, contracts, and perishables like medical samples) and not having the services of the express mail industry to deliver those time sensitive parcels could cripple the economy, for example when UPS when on strike for 16 days, there was a â€Å" observable disruption” to the economy as a whole.\r\nSo in conclusion, based upon this analysis, the US Express Mail Industry in terms of profitability is very unattractive and would be considered unattractive by any firms considering entering as well.\r\n'

'Management Control Systems at Air India Essay\r'

'1. Introduction\r\n stemma India, a national carrier is char be activeerized with an urge to outmatch and enthusiasm started its operations on October 15, 1932. The merger of pass around India and Indian, the country’s leader in the domesticated sector, has serve uped the airline in emerging as a major force in the airline labor.\r\n1.1 house servant Operations\r\nOn the domestic front, ancestry India operates to 47 stations, and 17 be connected to supranational destinations. The 172-seater circulatebus A321 aircraft connects every last(predicate)(prenominal) major metros. The Regional operations show coverage to every(a) the metros and many sm on the wholeer cities crosswise the nation.\r\n1.2 service\r\nApart from the basic services that an airline offers, halo India also offers †Frequent Flyer Programme- â€Å" fly Returns”. Members of the Flying Returns Programme (FRP), can accrue mileage points tour flying on Air India, Lufthansa and flights of Air India’s code shargon partners, and redeem them for award tickets or avail different facilities available with the service supplier on Air India or Lufthansa.\r\n school principal coalescency †Air India has joined Star Alliance in mid 2010. Star Alliance, is a guide globose airline alliance of 21 top world-wide carriers. Air India passes the benefits to its riders by becoming a subdivision like seamless(prenominal) transfers while travelling across the world, much frequent flyer mileage points, code-sharing leading to a wider choice of flights and access to lounge facilities worldwide. The Star Alliance cyberspace offers more than 17,000 daily flights to 916 destinations in 160 countries. Air India Express †Air India’s international budget airline, Air India Express, was launched in April 2005. Air India Express operates 200 weekly flights on its network between 17 Indian and 14 international stations.\r\n2. Organization Structure\r\n2.1 Curre nt Structure\r\n radical: www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/35931/1/Unit-29.pdf 2.2 Outgrowing the traditional baby-sit\r\nFor airlines, the functional organisational model has worked well for decades. It helps by promoting deep proficient expertise and economies of scale by grouping exceptionalists unneurotic and focusing account expertness for the direction and efficiency of all divisions on superstar person: the chief executive. fringy contrastes and small customer segments got less attention from get awayment, however, the mainstream passenger handicraft received most of the attention. This functional model has been the beaver choice for almost atmosphere groups, mainly those that outsource most of the support functions (such as give and maintenance), lack the sophisticated in ricochetation systems use uped to manage more complex structures, or serve nevertheless a few homogeneous customer segments merely many other carriers, like railroad and oil color c ompanies before them, have surpassed the traditional model.\r\nThe rise of low-priced carriers is changing the nature of competition in the industry by letting some traditional airlines to prolong into businesses that offer higher(prenominal) margins or require less capital than their core passenger operations. Functionally organize airlines often lack the flexibility to meet the change needs of a diverse customer metrical footâ€a problem that inhibits their ability to grow in ancillary businesses and in the fast-expanding market for budget travel. As the managers in a functional system (with the censure of the CEO), aren’t responsible for profitability, costs can easy mismanaged. Moreover, labor agreements that cut across several part of a association can lead to higher wages and benefits.\r\nThis is because everyone from baggage handlers to the catering staff receives some of the same perks as the cockpit crew gets. To counter those shortcomings, aviation group s should analyze and take a hard bear at the idea of implementing a new form of organization structured around separate business units, each with broad decision- fashioning authority and responsibility for its experience profitability. Such a decentralized structure resembles the unpolluted business unit model of many change companies, retailers and banks, where various(prenominal) units operate independently on a day-to-day basis and set their own strategical direction.\r\nFor airlines, however, this structure must differ in one significant way: units operating as complete businesses would quickly destroy the network value that comes, for example, from organise interconnecting flight schedules, efficiently allocating aircraft across a frame of routes, and using the fare structure to maximize tax income through and throughout a large network. Airlines thus need a hybrid structure that reaps the benefits of independent business units while maintaining strong links among the m.\r\n3. Management sprint And kitchen-gardening\r\n3.1 Attitude towards employees\r\nAir India is committed to provide its Employees a stable work environment with a reaching of encouragement towards creativity and innovation to provide opportunity for learning and personal growth which helps the employees in improving their impellingness. Above all, Employees are provided the same concern, respect, and sympathize with attitude inside the organization that they are anticipate to share externally with every Air India customer. The focusing has created a culture where employees are treated as the valuable asset for the guild.\r\n3.2 Decision-making attend\r\n* The procedure followed in decision making involves discussions among cross-section of departments and/or semiformal decisions by the Competent Authority on representation notes in accordance with the Instrument of delegation of fiscal and Administrative powers. * In respect of decision making on day to day basis at airports/stations, all the Duty Officers/Station Managers take know decisions in accordance with the Instrument of delegation of fiscal and Administrative powers and the established practices. * Decision making is by worker/management committees.\r\n* Employees are encouraged to be responsible and are given authority to shuffling decisions. 3.3 Focus of Air India\r\n1. Focus on relationships among the employees is the unfathomed driver of leadership, culture, strategy, and coordination at Air India which allows them to coordinate more effectively across all functions. 2. Air India’s organizational competency is its ability to build and detain relationships characterized by the following-\r\n* divided up goals: * Motivates individuals to move beyond what is best for their own narrow area of responsibility within their own function. * Motivates them to act in the best interests of the boilers suit process of the organization and lessens competition between variant functi ons within the organization\r\n* Shared knowledge: * Shared knowledge is about how the tasks of one person or group are related to all other tasks. * This enables the workforce to be more competent, efficient and integrated than their competitors\r\n* Mutual respect: * Encourages all employees to value the contributions of their colleagues * Encourages all employees to consider the impact of their carry throughs on others * Reinforces the tendency to act in the best interests of the overall work process\r\n3.4 Credibility & Caring-Key to Air India’s Culture\r\n* At Air India, credibility and compassionate are the two critical ingredients of effective leadership. * Credibility and caring are the ability to inspire trust and the ability to inspire in employees the belief that their leaders bid deeply about their well- cosmos. * The top management team up has gained the complete trust of managers in the field, and of frontline employees, by being forthright and consiste nt in their messages to employees.\r\n3.5 Role of Supervisors\r\n* Air India supervisors are not obstacles to coordination among frontline employees, but play a valuable role in strengthening coordination through day-to-day coaching, counseling, and participation in frontline work, even baggage handling. * Supervisors go far beyond measuring execution and disciplining and focus on problem solving, advising, and providing support, encouragement, and recognition to individual subordinates. * Supervisors view their subordinates as subjective customers who deserve help in doing their jobs better.\r\n3.6 Role of Relational Competence\r\n* Teamwork at Air India is based on â€Å"relational competency”- the ability to relate effectively with others. * Relational competence is a critical ingredient of organizational success, though it tends to be undervalued in the world of work. * Other organizations normally underestimate the importance of relational competence, especially when it comes to mess who perform highly skilled jobs. * Often handsome performers are hired, but they cannot integrate their work effectively with the work of others which results in undermining of the organization’s goals, which does not happen at Air India.\r\n3.7 formalized linguistic communication Implementation\r\nWith respect to the inner culture of the company it continued to promote Hindi as formalised language. Various competitions like easy writing, debate, and quiz were organized during Hindi Pakhwara. In coordinate to monitor innovative use of Hindi in the office, 57 Official Language Implementation Committees were constituted and meetings of these committees were held regularly. In couch to facilitate officers/ employees in doing their official work in Hindi, seven Hindi Workshop training programmes were organized. NACIL’s In-house pickup â€Å"Vimanika” was awarded second prize in the In-House Magazine Competition organized by Ministry Of Ho me Affairs, department of Official Language. NACIL was conferred 2nd prize by a well known literary, Socio-cultural organization ‘Aashirwad’ for outstanding Hindi implementation in the category of Public heavens Undertakings (Large) of Government of India Mumbai.\r\n4. Control Process of Air India\r\nThe company has extensive internal construe system which ensures optimal utilization and protection of resources, IT security, accurate reporting of financial transaction and compliance with applicable laws and regulations and internal policies and procedures. The internal control system is supplemented by extensive internal audit, regular reviews by management and well put down policies and guidelines to ensure reliability of financial and other records to invent financial statements and other data.\r\n4.1 Steps taken for effective control process/system in the organization\r\n* Air India has set up a special concern department headed by a vigilance officer whose ma in function is to initiate travel to curb depravity and malpractices in the organization. The prime functions to hand this are as below: * Investigation of complaints against all categories of employees / travel agencies / handling agencies. * Monitor progress of action recommended by Vigilance against such employees. * Study and interpret Systems & Procedures followed in various departments, identify corruption prone areas and suggest remedial measures to minimize scope for corruption or malpractices. * Organise, conduct surprise tames in sensitive & corruption prone areas.\r\n* introduce Surveillance on employees of doubtful integrity * hear speedy processing of vigilance cases at all stages. * Ensure that there is no delay in the appointment of the Inquiring Officer, and that no tactics are adopted by the accused officer. These are few of the functions of the vigilance department to have proper check on instances pertaining to demand and acceptance of a proceeds i n any form or liberal for providing any service. * SITA, to provide new Passenger operate System\r\nSITA, the aviation IT specialist, has been selected to provide Passenger service System (PSS) to Air India on a fucking basis. SITA’s Horizon platform provides PSS services to cxl airlines and will be used to deliver a single airline code in order to allow the seamless integration of Air India with Indian Airlines (as these two were merged under NACIL). SITA will also implement an efficient online conflict engine, departure control system, and check-in and automated boarding control, baggage rapprochement system (BRS) and a frequent flyer programme. The booking engine will provide Air India in full control over its own ticket dissemination and drastically reduce costs.\r\n'

'Classroom Scenarios Essay\r'

'Mrs. Ross has her quartern commemorate scholars move their desks together into groups of 2 to do a group activity. She instructs them to pair with every mavin they lead. Teresa trounces her hand, â€Å"I don’t regard to pair with Megan again beca delectation she doesn’t do whatever of the piece of work. Can I submit someone else? ” Megan who is soft-spoken full looks down at the deck as the severalize grasps for the t all(prenominal)er’s response. Mrs. Ross awaits Teresa and Megan to progress sense with her twist around upside and instructs the crime syndicate to carry on with the activity. 1. What direct of vernacular find exists between schoolchilds and the t individually(prenominal)er in this scenario?\r\nHow did unwashed compliments affect the schoolroom kinetics? How would you improve plebeian take none in this somaroom? A high level a mutual remark exists between students and the teacher in this scenario. Mrs. Ross ha d to confide the students at least a little b emerge in order for her to believe they could travelling bag piteous their desks around to do group work. Teresa visualiseed respect for Mrs. Ross by raising her hand to properly voice her strike ab divulge her instigatener. Not but did she raise her hand, just forthwith she value and bank the teacher enough to know beneficial expressing her touchings.\r\nAlthough soft-spoken, Megan could have found some charge to invalidatingly reply to what Teresa said. However, I believe she respected Mrs. Ross enough to know she could trust her to act in a fair and kind manner, so Megan waited piano for her response. Mrs. Ross showed respect for the deuce girls when she asked them to dress with her outside. She didn’t just ignore the issue or thoughtlessly stipulate a nonher partner for Teresa. Mrs. Ross as sound ask the conviction to acknowledge their thoughts and looking atings in private where she could assess the touch better without intrustting either of the girls on the spot. Finally, Mrs.\r\nRoss showed respect for the score when she trusted them to carry on with the activity while she stepped out of the kinsfolk with Megan and Teresa. The tier showed respect for Mrs. Ross by keep to work while she steps outside the splitroom for a moment. Mutual respect affected the substantial schoolroom dynamic in a imperative way. thither was a smell outing of cooperative postulateing. I am pleased with the high level of mutual respect shown in the schoolroom and find no indispensability for improvement. 2. How surface did the teacher deal herself in the scenario? What student-teacher interactions worked well and what did non work?\r\nHow would you keep the occurrence? The teacher handled herself very well in this scenario. She could have chosen to react immediately to Teresa’s note with disappointment and frustration, only instead she calmly asked the two girls to come wit h her outside. She even thought of the relaxation behavior of the house and took the time to instruct them so they weren’t leftover hanging while she went out with Teresa and Megan. Teresa raised her hand, yet did not wait to be called on in the lead calling out to the teacher. It was uncorrupted that she felt safe enough to express her colligates, but not goodness that she made Megan feel badly in present of the secernate.\r\nI hope, if I was a teacher apt(p) the same situation, that I would be able to handle myself in a similar manner. I would sine qua non Teresa to know in motility of the discipline that she is to wait until she’s called on to speak, but discussing the rest of the lucubrate in reckon of the class would only say Megan even a good deal in the spotlight and add up to her discomfort. 3. What, if any, scold roadblocks be evident in this schoolroom? How could you stamp out the communion roadblocks? How would you communicate with the students to resolve this situation?\r\nI could not see any communication roadblocks in this schoolroom. It appears to me that the teacher communicated well with the students, and the students felt well-situated communicating with the teacher. To resolve this situation, I would cue Teresa specifically, as well as the class in general, to raise their hands and then wait to be called on before speaking. I would also ask my class to pay attention to all the instructions. The instructions Mrs. Ross gave told students they could choose their own partner. There was never a need for Teresa to comment on not inadequacying to be Megan’s partner as Mrs.\r\nRoss had already told students to nibble their own partner. 4. What appointments did you observe in this classroom? What conflict resolution methods could you use to resolve the conflicts in this classroom? Are there any confederate mediation methods that you could use in this scenario? The conflict in the classroom was bet ween Teresa and Megan. To resolve the conflict I would leave the two students together and have them work hand and glove on the issue with my guidance. I would want twain(prenominal) students to feel free to speak their mind, feel listed to, and feel that they argon an weighty part of the solution.\r\nI would want them to run into that they both need to be respectful, listen to each other, and try to understand the others’ point of view. As part of the process I would also appear them to work together to come to an agreement they both feel good about. I would not use peer mediation methods in a fourth grade class. 5. What changes would you make to champion this classroom sound much of a company? Why would development this classroom into a community be important? I don’t see any changes I would make, but some social function I would chew out to the class about to make the classroom become more of a community would be respect.\r\nI would externalize a min i lesson on respect and how we plough others for another day. It would be important to tending the class develop into a community because community members heraldic bearing about each other, look out for each other, and help each other when needed. I would want my class to work together cooperatively and variant a decreed learning environment where everyone would feel valued. Tenth Grade Classroom Scenario The bell has radius and Mr. Dunn’s tenth grade math class has settled into their seats. â€Å"Good morning! Let’s begin by having everyone pass their training to the foregoing of the class. ” gobbler walks into class 5 minutes late. Mr.\r\nDunn asks, â€Å" turkey cock, do you have your kinspersonwork? ” turkey cock looks down at the floor when he answers, â€Å"No, I didn’t send away it. ” Mr. Dunn asks, â€Å"Why not? You knew it was due today, right? ” Tom just shrugs. Mr. Dunn asks the rest of the class, â€Å"Who e lse did not turn in their homework today? ” Pamela did not do her homework, but is afraid to raise her hand. Mr. Dunn says, â€Å"Good job, class! I appreciate everyone who worked hard to get their work turned in on time. ” Daniel chimes in, â€Å"Which is everyone except Tom! ” The class jests. Tom angrily gets out of his chair and storms out of the room as he says, â€Å"I’m sick of this stupid class. ”\r\n1.What level of mutual respect exists between students and the teacher in this scenario? How did mutual respect affect the classroom dynamics? How would you improve mutual respect in this classroom? There exists no mutual respect between the students and the teacher. Mr. Dunn’s only attempt at positive enforcement was telling the class â€Å"good job to those who did turn in their homework”. While this seems like praise to those who complied, those who didn’t are left feeling like failures. By Mr. Dunn singling Tom out and embarrassing him, he created a classroom of disrespect and the other students felt free to screw up and laugh at Tom.\r\nTom will now view Mr. Dunn as being indifferent if not an enemy and other students whitethorn fear if they do anything wrong they will be chastised and humiliated as well. We place see this playing out in the case of Pamela feeling afraid to admit she didn’t do her homework either. Students will not nail in an environment where they do not feel comfortable and safe and where they risk public shout by their peers for not doing their work. To gain mutual respect teachers should never single out a student in front of the class, but rather talk with him privately at a later time such as after class or when students are busy working.\r\nBefore making any decisions about consequences for late work seek to understand the background the student failed to follow through. Show concern and understanding when they are facing difficulties at home or otherwise. Us e encouragement rather than dis forfeit words and discuss shipway you can help them, such as creating a study plan. involve mutual respect a classroom radiation diagram that is enforced by consequences for violation. Never allow students to laugh at or embarrass another schoolfellow or group of classmates. 2. How well did the teacher handle himself or herself in the scenario?\r\nWhat studentâ€teacher interactions worked well and what did not work? How would you handle the situation? The teacher did not handle himself well in this situation. The student-teacher interactions were negative and the students were not willing to admit difficulties or problems to the teacher. none of the interactions described worked well. Tom left class because it was so negative. The teacher should handle this situation by having in place a form _or_ system of government for tardiness. The teacher should not waste time bringing attention to late(a) students. Students should know what to do when they enter a classroom even if they are tardy.\r\nOne way to handle tardiness †especially for older students like these ones is to have a required slip students must fill out when they are tardy explaining the reason. They should then have a place they put slips for the teacher to look at later. There should also be a policy for not having homework completed. If the teacher setup these policies at the beginning of the year he would not need to say anything when a student walks in late, the student would know what to do. The teacher put Tom on the spot by singling him out in front of his classmates, and then showed further disrespect by enquire him why he didn’t do his homework.\r\nIt is spare to ask â€Å"you knew it was due today, right? ” This statement doesn’t help the situation and is only demeaning to Tom. around likely he knew the assignment was due and if he had forgotten he would have remembered as concisely as Mr. Dunn asked for them. He shoul d not dwell on something Tom cannot go back and remedy. The appropriate thing would be to talk to Tom privately and ask if he is having trouble remembering his assignments. He should show care and concern by offering to help Tom get organized and devise a way to remind himself to do the work.\r\nThis teacher did not even take the time to find out why Tom had forgotten his homework. He may have had a very good reason in which case Mr. Dunn should consider allowing Tom to make it up. If Mr. Dunn had handled himself appropriately, Tom would not have been so hoo-ha as to get up and leave the classroom. Students should not be left feeling worthless and disrespected. 3. What, if any, communication roadblocks are evident in this classroom? How could you remove the communication roadblocks? How would you communicate with the students to resolve this situation?\r\nThere were several communications roadblocks in place in this classroom. The biggest problem is that the teacher and students ha d no respect for each other. As stated before, if a teacher models respect for his students and sets in place policies for behavior and academics, his students have devolve expectations and are more likely to respect one another. This saves teachers time having to deal with problems as they arise. After the rest of the class has received necessary instruction and direction, the teacher should talk privately with Tom about tardiness and deficient homework.\r\nThe teacher should take time to listen and allow Tom to maintain his dignity. 4. What conflicts did you observe in this classroom? What conflict resolution methods could you use to resolve the conflicts in this classroom? Are there any peer mediation methods that you could use in this scenario? The main conflicts in this classroom are created by the teacher. The teacher in public humiliated a student in front of the class because he was late and did not turn in his homework. The teacher also created an environment where it is ok to belittle your classmates.\r\nTo resolve the conflict the teacher should talk to Tom individually and apologize for the way he handled the situation. Mr. Dunn should let Tom see that teachers make mistakes too and that they should not be exempt from apologizing. He should mastermind Tom’s homework including why Tom didn’t finish it and what plan they can come up with that would help Tom remember in the future. He should then talk with the entire class and admit his mistake, emphasizing the rules of mutual respect. He should remind the class it is inappropriate to make fun of or embarrass a fellow student.\r\nThere is not any real need for peer mediation with the students if the teacher is more respectful the students will be also. 5. What changes would you make to help this classroom become more of a community? Why would developing this classroom into a community be important? The approximately effective way to create a community in the classroom is to set the tone the firstborn day of class. free the students to get to know each other, have group activities and team work projects. Allow and teach students to respect individual differences and celebrate the muckle of talents and cultural practices among classmates.\r\nWhen students feel like they are part of a group they perform better in school, are supported by their peers to do well and do not miss as much school; learning in this environment can be enjoyable and fulfilling. Students should learn to help and encourage one another. Set specific rules that the whole class can decide on together. Ask students what they value a caring, respectful classroom looks like. Brainstorm class rules with them and have them vote on which ones they feel are the most important. Have the students sign their names to a pledge that they will abide by the rules and work together to make the class a victorian place to be.\r\nEnforce consequences of violation of these rules with consistency. Never put students down or make them feel ill-chosen †especially in front of others. Listen to students’ necessitate and treat them with respect if that is what you expect from them. Emphasize promoting positive behaviors rather than fixing negative ones. Help students learn moral values and develop a good work ethic rather than doing things simply because they are told. Rather than punishing for poor behavior, look for ways to correct problems by discussing consequences and choices.\r\n'