Nursing Profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Profession - Essay Example Additionally, they create and monitor nursing plans, advice patients and their families in proper care, and help individuals and groups to take steps towards improving or maintaining their health. In practice, there are several types of nurses: hospital nurses, office nurses, nursing home nurses, home health nurses, public health nurses, occupational nurses, nurse supervisors, and advanced practice nurses (APNs). To become a nurse, one must graduate from an approved nursing program and pass a national licensing examination. For APNs, they must meet higher educational and clinical practice requirements beyond the basic nursing education and licensing required of all other registered nurses (RN). More so, they are specialists who offer basic primary healthcare through diagnosis and treatment of common acute illnesses and injuries. Nursing has its hazards especially in hospitals and other facilities where nurses may care for individuals with infectious diseases. Thus, nurses must observ e strict guidelines to protect themselves against diseases and other dangers such as those posed by radiation, chemicals used for sterilization of instruments and anesthetics. The value of registered nurses The next part of this paper will discuss the nursing profession within the context of Canadian Nurses Association (CNA). CNA was established in 1908, and now it is a federation of 11 provincial and territorial nursing associations and colleges representing almost all registered nurses in Canada (CNA, 2011). According to the fact sheet on The Value of Registered Nurses, nurses are associated with saving lives, promoting health, and reducing costs to the health system. First, RNs through their skills and interventions, improve the quality of care and aid patients in getting better health outcomes. Secondly, they shorten length of hospital stays, reduce rates of medication errors and wound infections, and reduce waiting time by providing timely access to care. Thirdly, by increasing the number hours of care provided by RNs, the in-patient deaths and the adverse outcomes among residents in sensitive areas can be reduced significantly. Fourthly, by involving RNs in health promotion and prevention care among the patients, there can be improved mental and physical functioning, a reduction in depression, lower costs per person for prescription drugs, increased number of patients who quit smoking, and better management of chronic diseases (CNA, 2011). More so, home visits by RNs have been shown to improve child and maternal outcomes. Finally, by increasing the number of hours of care provided by RNs, there can be net cost savings through reduced length of hospital stays and avoided adverse outcomes (Needleman et al., 2006). Nurses offer solutions for cost effective health care According to the factsheet on Nurses Offer Solutions for Cost Effective Health Care, nurses are well positioned and work in all parts of the health system, thus they can offer innovations that reduce costs and enhance effectiveness of the health system. First, studies have revealed that by reducing nurse turnover, there can be a reduction in costs and improvement of nurse, patient, and system outcomes. This can be

International markets small business in USA Essay Example for Free

International markets small business in USA Essay International markets small business in USA Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Venture capitalists invest massive of money to companies that want to expand but have no enough access to public funds. They are willing to invest in such companies because they earn massive benefit when the company succeeds. Consequently, venture capitalists look for firms with strong management staff, large markets and unique goods with high competitive advantage (Gladstone Gladstone 2004). They are driven by the desire to own a large portion of the company so that they can influence its direction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   International markets are complex due to their vast geographical coverage in the worlds rapidly changing and growing nations. The basics for international markers ranging from diverse culture and languages, handling issues related to business ethics, selection of distribution and global marketing channels and international communication. They are the key issues that guide the operationality of worldwide markets (Omar, Abduh, Sukmana, 2013)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This situation represent personal and professional dilemma where by the personal and professional interests that are simultaneously conflicting. I will use the principles of ethical decision making process seek supervision self mirror image and illumination of the process will also consider legal obligation that supersedes my professional and personal ethics (Wueste,1994). I will talk both the boss and supervisor to examine their feeling about my situation as that pertain my professional ethics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The small businesses are important in US economy in many aspects. They employ many people, actually about the half of the total workforce in there a key in driving the economy as opposed to giant multi-billion dollar companies (White House Committee on Small Business, 1962).They are instrumental in stabilizing forces in the economy .the owners are backbone for creativity innovation production and value creation in United States. The small business is actually what stimulates the economy. References Gladstone, D., Gladstone, L. (2004). Venture capital investing: The complete handbook for investing in private businesses for outstanding profits. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall/Financial Times Omar, A., Abduh, M., Sukmana, R. (2013). Fundamentals of Islamic money and capital markets. Singapore: John Wiley White House Committee on Small Business (U.S.). (1962). Small business in the American economy: Its contributions and its problems [and] the role of the Federal Government. Washington. Wueste, D. E. (1994). Professional ethics and social responsibility. Lanham, Md: Rowman and Littlefield. Source document

The Impact of Forest Management on Water Supply and Quality Essay

The Impact of Forest Management on Water Supply and Quality Forest management can have either detrimental or positive effects on watershed supply and quality. The type of effect depends on the type of operation(eg. harvesting vs. reforestation), the way it is conducted, and the view point of the land manager(eg. more or less water yield). Timber harvesting activities tend to increase the water yields of a watershed. Evapotranspiration is decreased by the removal of vegetation. This decrease in ET causes the amount of soil water that is moving into the channel system to increase. Lower ET rates also increase the amount of water available for deep percolation that provides baseflow (Satterlund and Adams, 1992). The decrease in ET may be short lived. For example, when a stand is thinned, the remaining trees quickly capture the increase of resources that is made available through the thinning. Understory vegetation also increases growth after removal of the overstory. Therefore, timber harvesting should be viewed as a temporary reduction in ET rates. Another way harvesting increases the water yield of a watershed is by increasing runoff. When an area is totally or partially harvested, temporary or permanent logging roads are usually constructed. These logging roads can capture subsurface flow and divert it to ditches associated with the road. These roads can divert surface flow that would ordinarily by dispersed and infiltrate (Satterlund and Adams, 1992). Because of the surface characteristics of roads, precipitation that falls on them has a reduced capacity to infiltrate. The effects of logging roads can be temporary or permanent. Temporary logging roads eventually revegetate, and may even be planted with herbaceous pla... ... encourage sediment deposition. Some forest management practices include fertilization. This can degrade water quality if nutrients are allowed to enter the stream system. Fertilization normally takes place at stand establishment as a site preparation technique. Because this is a time in the forest's life where ET is reduced and runoff is increased, the greatest risk of contamination is then. Fertilization is also accasionally applied in mid-rotation. Fertilizer applied during this time period is not likely to affect water quality. Reforestation of a highly disturbed watershed will improve water quality. The amount of erosion will be lessened, and nutrient inputs from agricultural land can also be intercepted and taken up by the forest. Reference Satterlund, D.R. and Adams, P.W. 1992. Wildland Watershed Management. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.

Disciplining Children Essay

When I was younger we used to get disciplined with corporal punishment. Not saying that this is always the answer but it is what is needed sometimes. If more parents were allowed to use corporal punishment as means of discipline it would let the children know who is in charge. Sometimes it seems the law gives most of the authority to the children. When children do something wrong there needs to be a punishment fitting to the actions. If a child writes on the wall you should talk to them and tell them that it is not ok to write on the walls and why. When you catch them a second time and they acknowledge what they did was wrong you explain to them why it is not ok to write on the walls, and let them know that they will really be in trouble if they do it again. Now if you catch them writing on the walls again at this point there needs to be something that shows them you are serious†¦ in comes corporal punishment. Depending on the age of the child and what was done decides the severity of the corporal punishment. Sometimes this could be as simple as a tap to the hand of a three year old for using foul language, up to taking a belt to the behind of a thirteen year old for taking a knife to school. I’m not saying that corporal punishment is the first means or the only means of discipline. Explaining what was done is wrong should always be the first course of action. When the same problem constantly arises that’s when it is necessary. But after you do use corporal punishment you must talk to the child and explain that you don’t like having to spank them, but you have to show them there will be serious consequences for their actions in life. If you only talk to children it could lead them to believe this will be the highest level on discipline. As children get older they base the level of punishment on what was given to them by their parents. If you constantly let your children get away with things and only talk at the problem they will think that’s what the world will do also, so acting out in school would be nothing to them even when the teacher tells them they are going to have to call their parents. But if the child receives corporal punishment often for being too out of hand when the teacher says they are going to call the child’s parents they’ll know the better get it together because there will be serious consequences if they don’t.

John Dewey Habits and Will

Would Dewey’s advice for correcting a bad habit work for you? How would you go about reforming one of your habits? According to John Dewey, Habits are inevitable. We are empowered by both good and bad habits. In his essay, â€Å"Habits and Will†, Dewey states that we envision bad habits as such acts of â€Å"foolish idling, gambling, addiction to liquor and drugs†, and we associate good habits with skills such as walking, playing a musical instrument, and typing. We see bad habits as desires and good habits as abilities that â€Å"exist far from our impulsive desires†.Bad habits are not deliberately formed and are also hard to break. Dewey explains that will power alone is not enough; one must follow a specific method to turn habits around. I feel that I, someone who tends to get distracted easily and procrastinate, should benefit from Dewey’s habit-breaking method. Dewey writes that a friend of his remarked that there was a superstition among perso ns that believe that if one is told what to do, if the right end is pointed to them, all that is required in order to bring about the right act is will or wish on the part of the one who is to act.According to them, if a man who slouches is told to stand up straight, all that is needed is an effort by him, and the problem is fixed. Dewey’s main argument in his essay is that this method does not work. Instead, he suggests that in order to fix or undo our bad habits we must replace them with another habit that is of goodness; you must have more than solely will power to defy a habit. I think that I can benefit from Dewey’s method and start a new habit to break my habit of procrastinating.Every day, I feel that I am easily and frequently distracted when doing schoolwork, which causes me to procrastinate. Every day, I try to break this habit and am unsuccessful. Sitting and thinking â€Å"don’t get distracted† does not work because in doing so, I get distract ed by thinking about not getting distracted, instead of actually working. My problem is not struggling to sit down and take my homework out. My problem is getting distracted frequently and taking forever to make progress- especially when I know I have time to spare.When time is running out, I tend to work much more efficiently. My bad habits of getting distracted and procrastinating counteract my good habit of taking out my homework as soon as possible. I am well aware of my habits, and know that I would feel less stressed if I could correct them. Also, every day, I have to listen to my parents tell me constantly to hurry up my work and get to bed, when I obviously want to do just that, but cannot. If I use Dewey’s method, I need to create a flank movement that will form a good habit which will aid me in breaking my bad habits.These flank movements that Dewey speaks of are some action that prevents the bad habit and leads you in the direction of something else. Instead of sol ely relying on willpower alone, I could think of a way to make myself concentrate better and feel an urge to get my work done as soon as possible. One idea I thought of is changing my environment, and instead of sitting at my desk to work, I can move somewhere else, less distracting, such as the library. If I work there, I will feel more rushed and obliged to work efficiently.I will set a goal to get a certain amount of work completed during my time at the library. I do not want to and cannot spend all afternoon and evening at the library, so and I will desire to get my work done speedily, and I will work as if it was late at night. In â€Å"Habits and Will,† John Dewey says, â€Å"[A habit] makes us do things we are ashamed of, things which we tell ourselves we prefer not to do. † He elaborates on the fact that we are our habit. Dewey forces us to admit that our bad habit is a fundamental part of our self.He insists that a bad habit can’t be overcome by will al one. We need to forget the bad habit and find an alternate activity (a flank movement) that can attract us and that we can focus on. He repeats that a bad habit can’t be overcome by will alone, contrary to popular belief, but only by picking up a flank movement. So in order for me to abolish my procrastination, or at least minimize it, I need to find an act that is different from my usual routine. I have to make the completion of this new action my new goal, and focus on reaching it.If I do not, I will continue to do the same thing over and over again, like I have done for years. All habits are demands for certain kinds of activity; and they constitute the self. Our â€Å"self† is the interpenetration of will and desire and habit and action. Our selfhood isn’t what we think, but what we do; the way we act. we never intend to become an alcoholic or addicted to cigarettes. These habits come from a weakness within us all. We are too self– loved and too stubb orn to face facts which leads us to the excuses of somehow and evil power has overcome our certain abilities.Thirdly, he believes that bad habits are created from our feeling of a lack of purpose and the desires that come shortly after in attempt for immediate solutions. It would take a experience in life that enables something purposeful about us to truly appreciate the importance of ridding of the bad. http://www. alexandercenter. com/jd/johndeweyhabits. html http://www. nashvillegreatbooks. com/2009/11/john-dewey-habit-and-will. html http://www. ljhammond. com/phlit/2005-11c. htm

Good Term Paper Topics

Good Term Paper Topics Good Term Paper Topics Good Term Paper Topics You have a great choice of term paper topics, of course if the teacher did not limit your choice to the specific one. You may write about the modern matters (Obama, financial crisis) or global problems (poverty, AIDs), or choose argumentative topics (Marijuana, addictions, abortions, etc.). Our free paper blog has many written papers posted for your unlimited use (no registration and no fees). is working hard to help all students with their term paper writing projects! If you cannot find a term paper sample on your topic, try our custom term paper writing services. We guarantee delivery of a custom written term paper prior to deadline! All term papers are checked by plagiarism detecting software! Good Term Paper Sample Many hospitals are so convinced of the necessity of fondling and close physical contact while an infant is nursing that such is even prescribed on the order chart for those babies who must be fed by bottle. This baby must be held in someone's arms while taking the bottle. Certainly this is a precaution that is not taken in most orphanages, asylums, and almshouses, and it is one of the reasons why institutionalization of infants is never recommended if there is any other possibility. Ribble feels that very widespread physiological and psychological effects result from breast feeding and the mothering that should go with, it. She mentions the following as favorable effects of unrestricted sucking: Deeper and more regular breathing (all of which stimulates flow of blood to the brain with attendant brain development); better sleep, digestion and elimination; earlier focusing of eyes and grasping of objects; earlier vocalization and articulate speech. Since Ribble reports no scientific co ntrol of the innumerable factors that bring about infant development, it is hard to say how much of the physiological and psychological superiority of her group of babies was due to unrestricted sucking. However, there has been no question in the minds of pediatricians and psychologists for a number of years that the early nursing and feeding experiences of a child do have a profound effect upon the child's personality and his reactions to people and to life in general, as well as upon his health. Sherbon says: With very, very few exceptions, every mother can nurse her baby. With almost no exception, every mother should nurse her baby. In addition to breast feeding, physicians today recommend the introduction of supplementary foods, such as orange juice and certain vegetable purees, as early as the second or third month. This not only increases the supply of needed nutriments, but helps to prevent abrupt and emotionally devastating weaning from the breast. In this connection, we may stop long enough to mention an obsession that many modern parents have developed. For the last few years we have been told that we should not feed a baby every time he cries. Instead, the instructions say, we should accustom him to regular feeding periods with regular intervals between in which he should not be fed even if he does cry. Now, this program may be and probably is sound doctrine for babies that are well and babies that are receiving adequate nourishment from their food.

Are The Council of Ministers and European Council Protectors of The State †Government Research Paper

Are The Council of Ministers and European Council Protectors of The State – Government Research Paper Free Online Research Papers European integration has deepened considerably in the recent years and many are predicting it to deepen even further, towards an all-embracing state of Europe in which national boundaries and cultural identities will gradually melt into one. This scenario is definitely feared by many. However, among all the institutions of the European Union, the last stronghold of national interests still stands: the Council of Ministers, the Union’s main executive and legislative power. Alongside it is the European Council, a meeting of the heads of member states, which defines the broad political direction of the Union, and is under national influence as well. Are these two institutions the protectors of state interests within the European Union? In this essay I intend to look at the organization and functions of both the Council of Ministers and the European Council. I will also examine how they interact with the rest of the European Union, and look at the functioning of the decision-making process closely to see whether the Council of Ministers protects national interests or strives for the common good of the European Union. Finally I will conclude on what I perceive as the role of the Council of Ministers and the European Council and whether they are protecting state interests within the European Union or not. The Council of Ministers The Council of Ministers was created on purely intergovernmental grounds in 1951. The national governments felt the need to limit the supranational powers that were driving the integration forward. The Council which was then created has evolved greatly since and its powers have deepened despite the growing powers of the supranational institutions within the European Union. The Council of Ministers is not one complete body, but in fact meets in several different formations, depending on the subject area being discussed. For example, the ministers of education meet among themselves as do the ministers of foreign affairs. So all in all, the Council of Ministers has sixteen different formations. There also exists an hierarchy within these different formations: â€Å"Three Councils have traditionally met on a monthly basis, and have therefore been viewed as the most ‘senior’ formations – the General Affairs Council, made up of the foreign ministers of the member governments; the Economic and Financial Affairs (Ecofin), composed of the ministers of finance or economic affairs; and the Agriculture Council.† (Hayes-Renshaw, 2002: 50). The other councils meet less frequently, but yet at least twice a year. The ministers are in these meetings strictly as the representatives of their respective governments and are authorized to commit t heir governments (Hayes-Renshaw, 2002: 51). The Council of Ministers is led by the presidency which rotates among the member states and is held up for a six-month period. Meanwhile the Secretariat-General of the Council acts as the administrative support to the Council performing also logistical and technical functions. The Secretary-General is also the High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy, so the tasks the Secretariat-General oversees are not to be overlooked. The Secretariat-General plays a significant role within the Council hierarchy. COREPER (Committee of Permanent Representatives) Coreper prepares the work of the Council of Ministers and is an important and integral part of the functioning of the Council. â€Å"Coreper acts as a process manager in the Council system between the ministers and the experts in the working groups.† (Cini, 2003: 157). Coreper consists of two groups: Coreper I and II. â€Å"Coreper I is made up of the deputy permanent representatives and they are responsible for preparing the so-called ‘technical’ councils.† (Cini, 2003: 157). Meanwhile, Coreper II is generally regarded the more important one and consists of the EU permanent representatives who prepare the work of the General Affairs Council and deal with issues that have broad implications. While the representatives have no formal decision-making power, they still exert a lot of influence on the ministers, and â€Å"Coreper is still an important de facto decision-making body, seen by the steady stream of ‘A points’ which are sent to the minis ters for formal adoption† (Cini, 2003: 158). Below the Coreper in hierarchy, several working groups exist: â€Å"†¦ the working group level is a vast network of national officials who specialize in specific areas and form the initial starting point for negotiations on any new proposal or issue.† (Cini, 2003: 158) They hold the specialist knowledge needed for each subject area and aim to work through all the technical and fine detail to ease the workload of ministers. The functions of the Council of Ministers Decision-making is the Council’s main function and it is in fact the European Union’s principal legislative institution. All proposals originating from the Commission must be approved by the Council. Certain decisions are taken collectively with the European Parliament through co-decision procedure, and the power of the Parliament has increased in influencing the outcome of the decisions; however the Council of Ministers still holds the main power. The decisions made collectively with the European Parliament fall under the First Pillar of the issues. Decisions within the Second and Third Pillars which consist of ‘more important’ issues such as for example foreign policy are made solely by the Council of Ministers. Within the Council decisions are made preferably through negotiation and agreements; however in some cases voting is the only way to reach consensus. There are two categories for voting rules: unanimity and qualified majority voting (QMV). In the case of unanimity any country can block the decision-making process by casting a ‘no’ vote. However, QMV is more commonly used and is based on ‘weighted’ votes (every member state has a certain number of votes proportionate to their size and population). But again, it has to be stressed that voting does not take place commonly. Member states will rather come to a mutual agreement than try to hold on to their national points of view until the very end. This shows that even the Council of Ministers, the most intergovernmental of all the European Union institutions, is not all about fighting for national benefits but instead tries to look for what is good for the Union as well. The Council of Ministers is also the executive power of the European Union. As such, its function is â€Å"to provide leadership and steer the pace and direction of European integration, seen especially in areas of diplomacy and foreign affairs.† (Cini, 2003: 149). In this task, it is aided by the European Council that sets the broad political agenda. The European Council The European Council, which is the meeting of the heads of member state governments, was established in 1974. The meetings had taken place prior to that but it was then that the European Council was institutionalized as an integral part of the European Union. â€Å"The main reason for the creation of the European Council was a growing feeling that the Community was failing to respond adequately or quickly enough to new and increasingly difficult challenges.† (Nugent, 2003: 179) The powers of the European Council at the moment (they have evolved over time and without a doubt will keep evolving as well) are the following: It defines the broad political direction and guidelines of the European Union. It guides the European Union’s development and determines the guidelines of economic policies within the Union; and it defines the general principles and guidelines for Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and takes decisions for implementing CFSP. Its task is also to â⠂¬Å"decide on common strategies to be implemented by the Union in areas where the Member States have important interests in common.† (Nugent, 2003: 181) And finally, â€Å"the Council shall ensure the unity, consistency and effectiveness of action by the Union.† (Nugent, 2003: 181) Basically, the European Council is a political get-together that unites the national interests of the member states into a broad political agenda. Even if the European Council is not part of the official decision-making machinery, it still has an important role in that because â€Å"final and legally binding EU decisions may be made by other EU institutions, but major political decisions concerning the institutional and policy development of the EU are now generally taken by, or at least are channeled through and given clearance by, the European Council.† (Nugent. 2003: 182) The meetings of the European Council are prepared by the General Affairs and External Relations Council, again to ease the workload of the busy heads of states. National Interests and the Decision-making Process in the European Union In this section I intend to look at the decision-making process within the second and third pillars more specifically and see if that can offer proof of the claim that the Council of Ministers acts as the protector of state interests within the European Union. The main question here is whether member states will rather reach consensus, even if that might mean having to give up some of their national interests, or use their right to veto (or become part of a blocking minority) to ensure that national gains are reached? As mentioned before, the Council of Ministers exercises its decision-making authority especially in matters under the Second and Third Pillars. Under these pillars, which comprise of Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and justice and home affairs, the European Parliament is not an official part of the decision-making machinery; even if it is allowed state its opinion on the issues. The member states can be regarded as having strong national interests in these two areas, mostly related to national sovereignty and geopolitical and economic interests. In the past, the Council of Ministers had a strong emphasis on national interests, under some informal rules, such as for example the Luxembourg Compromise: â€Å"For a long time the most important of these [the informal rules] was the Luxembourg ‘Compromise’ of 1966, under which it was asserted by the French government of the day that member states should be able to block decisions that would threaten ‘very important national interests’.† (Hayes-Renshaw and Wallace, 2005: 14) However, now Qualified Majority Voting (QMV) has become more important than unanimity voting, therefore vetoing is no longer as useful, or even possible. â€Å"Ever since QMV became an embedded option, votes have been formally taken on only about a quarter of eligible decisions, often with abstentions, rather than negative votes.† (Hayes-Renshaw and Wallace, 2005: 18) But even QMV is not often used because any kind of voting is not a common practice in the Council of Mini sters. States will rather reach consensus through lengthy negotiations. There exists some problems with QMV though which imply that member states still feel that their national interests might be threatened: weighted votes lead to larger states being underrepresented (not having enough votes relative to their population) and vice versa smaller states being overrepresented. â€Å"Even if the weight of an individual small country is limited, it is not only symbolic. It determines the extent to which the country can be an effective and valued partner in qualified majorities or blocking minorities, and thereby receive support for its national interests.† (Moberg, 2002: 267) Therefore, safeguarding national interests is still important and even if vetoing as such is not an option in most cases, blocking power remains important. Rather than clinging on to a specific national point of view, member states take a more flexible approach and team with like-minded states with shared interests. Coalitions of states tend to stay the same because â€Å"usually, states have a stable set of national interests, which in most cases are basically the same even after a change of government† (Moberg, 2002: 261). Weighting of interests is more important than mere concepts of power and blocking a decision can bring about new proposals, better suited to national interests. The importance of national interests can also be seen in the fact that â€Å"in the daily work of the EU, (†¦), the dividing line is almost never between large and small, but rather between countries with opposite interests in other respects† (Moberg, 2002: 270). Despite this, a strong consensus-culture seems to exist. Member states cannot defend their national interests all the time but they have to consider their relations to other countries too, as well as their own image. At the end of the day, work at the Council of Ministers is like any group work: everyone has their opinion but something has to give and everyone has to compromise to find a solution that pleases everyone. And in the case of the European Union, a solution that allows the Union to function and move the integration forward. Conclusion Hayes-Renshaw offers a very useful one-sentence summary of the Council of Ministers: â€Å"The Council is the EU’s chief decision-making body, the place where national interests are articulated, defended, and aggregated by ministerial representatives of all member governments.† (2002: 47). It sums up the main functions of the Council, however it is interesting that she should emphasize the fact that the Council is where national interests are represented. Cini recognizes the Council of Ministers as â€Å"the premier EU institution for representing national interests and power† (2003: 163) but highlights the fact that the Council is also more than merely the forum for national negotiation and bargaining: â€Å"It is also a collective system of governance which locks member states into permanent negotiations with one another.† (2003: 163) The Council is therefore both intergovernmental and supranational. â€Å"†¦ It blurs the traditional distinction be tween the national and European levels, between intergovernmental and supranational.† (Cini, 2003: 163) From these descriptions and the previous summaries on the Council of Ministers and the European Council, can we come to a conclusion that they are protecting state interests within the European Union? The European Union’s strongly supranational character might lead us to believe that any institution that has even a little to do with member state’s own interests is intergovernmental and safeguarding national interests and gains. This is even strengthened by the prominent roles that the Council of Ministers and the European Council have – for many outsiders, they are the Union. But as we can see from their functions and roles and positions that have been examined in this essay, we can conclude that they are indeed protecting national interests and it looks unlikely that the member states would settle for smaller representation. However, we should bear in m ind that protecting national interests is not the only function they have in the European Union and they also serve a purpose to the deepening integration and a bigger picture of Europe. Bibliography Cini, M. (2003): European Union Politics. Oxford: University Press. Hayes-Renshaw, F. (2002): The Council of Ministers, in Peterson, J. and Shackleton, M.: The Institutions of the European Union. Oxford: University Press. Hayes-Renshaw, F. and Wallace, H. (2005): The Council of Ministers of the European Union. London: MacMillan. Moberg, A. (2002): The Nice Treaty and Voting Rules in the Council, in Journal of Common Market Studies. Vol. 40, no. 2 Nugent, N. (2003): The Government and Politics of the European Union. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. Research Papers on Are The Council of Ministers and European Council Protectors of The State - Government Research PaperAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Relationship between Media Coverage and Social andCapital PunishmentOpen Architechture a white paper

When Having an Agent is Not a Good Thing

When Having an Agent is Not a Good Thing In 2007, I was a new author basking in the glow of the success of my first self-published book – a collection of short stories, that had won several awards and some serious press. My head was full of ideas for my next book. After completing the manuscript of my literary novel, I started shopping it around. Imagine my delight when several agents showed interest in it. I soon landed an agent at a very reputable New York agency with a proven track record. The young agent I signed up with was enthusiastic at the prospect of selling both my collection and the new novel I was working on. His head was full of ideas, but then came a series of â€Å"but firsts.† The first few rounds of editing were easy until a bombshell dropped. A senior agent at the agency quit and the bulk of that agent’s high profile clients came to the junior agent who suddenly lost all interest in me. He was no longer as responsive as he used to be, and it would take him days to respond to simple requests. After a few months of dodging my requests to seek updates, he hired an intern to work with me on doing the rest of the revisions. In a few days, I received a marked up copy from the intern that involved cutting 30 percent of my manuscript – to the point that pivotal moments in the story no longer made any sense. I put my foot down and refused to do those edits. The intern quickly backed off and the junior agent took charge again. After a few rounds of reasonable revision requests, I was promised that my book would be shopped around, except it never was. I was told it would be presented at book shows and that too never happened. After 18 months of waiting for my agent to fulfill his side of the obligations, I decided it was time to leave. I thanked him graciously and bowed out of the relationship.   Two months after that, I sold my novel to a reputable small traditional publisher In 2014, researchers from Washington and Lee University used an excerpt of Saffron Dreams to show that reading literary fiction like my novel can actually make someone less racist. The study was published in Basic and Applied Social Psychology. Interestingly enough, the passage that was selected for the study was one that my agent’s intern had marked for deletion. I leave the moral of the story to your imagination.

Sainsbury Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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Economic devlopment in tanzania and oman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic devlopment in tanzania and oman - Essay Example On the other hand, Soheir Mohamed Hegazy writes about the economic development initiatives that Oman has taken over time. She relates the advancements in the economy of the nation to its cultural set-up while proposing the needfulness for the betterment of the tourism infrastructure. Therefore, this work will present an analysis of two articles; Tanzania in Transition: from Nyerere to Mkapa by Wangwe (2010) and Conservation of Omani archaeological sites, Haratal Bilad by Hegazy (2014). The analysis will, therefore, give the background for the comparison of the historical developments of the two economic systems. Professor Samuel Wangwe is an economist and economic advisor to the government of Tanzania, as well as a policy researcher who has played a role in several organizations. He is a presiding member of the Independent Monitoring Group (IMG), a body that is responsible for supervising the partnership of the government of Tanzania and donors. The chapter, therefore, reviews the challenges and the improvements that the government has gone through altogether and provides an insight as to the suggested course of action that will suit the government of Tanzania at best. Wangwe gives a brief background information regarding the history of Tanzania economically. The government officials developed strategic reforms basing on the economic crisis that arose during the 1980s, which primarily targeted finances (Utz 2008). As the time progressed, the government and its regime sought to integrate institutional reforms into their agenda. However, this was proved to be a challenge since it required an advanced gradation of obligation from administrative figures, which was not put in place. Consequently, donors noted the limitations and shortcomings and believed that the government was not interested in its promised programs. Contrarily, the government felt that donors were intrusive in the

LR growth, Economic Fluctuations, US Stabilization Policy Term Paper

LR growth, Economic Fluctuations, US Stabilization Policy - Term Paper Example In addition, inadequate financial institutions, political instability, high level of risk, and dictatorship in governance like showcased by Zimbabwe inhibit economic development. The above discussed factors inhibit capital inflows into the developing countries. This offers an explanation why the developing world will never economically develop as compared to the developed economies. Lastly, the policies of these countries discourage domestic saving, thus lowering the rate of capital accumulation. The reduced domestic savings leads to low level of investment. thus reduced level of capital stock in the countries. An increase in the level of savings increases the total output in the short-run, but in the long run it increases the ratio of capital to labor thus leading to decrease in returns on capital. This in turn results to capital outflow instead of inflow. Economic Fluctuations The phrase business cycles refer to economic cycles or fluctuations that are experienced by economic activ ity of a certain state. There two main theories that have been propagated to explain how business cycles work; New Keynesian and the real business cycle theory, these two theories differ a lot as discussed below. New Keynesian models New Keynesian models view, business cycles as reflection of a possibility of the economy being in equilibrium in the short run where such points of equilibrium are above or below the full employment level. Therefore, when the economy is operating below the full employment level, then unemployment arises. New Keynesian economist believes business cycles results from fluctuations of effective demand. Effective demand can be classified as consumption demand and investment demand that is amount resources demand for consumption and for... The researcher states that from the discussion, that was presented in this term paper, it cannot be disputed that the differences in levels of capital stock between the developed countries like USA and the Western Europe and developing countries in the sub-Saharan Africa leads to differences in economic development. In this paper, the researcher aims to consider countries like Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Kenya and Somali to compare the level of economic development in these countries to that of USA and Western Europe. The actions of these countries’ national governments determine level of capital inflows that these countries experience. In these sub –Saharan countries, they often experience political unrest that happened in Kenya in the year 2007/2008. These areas are also war prone, such as the 1994 Rwanda genocide and the civil war currently in Somali. In addition, inadequate financial institutions, political instability, high level of risk, and dictatorship in governance inhib it economic development. The factors, that were discussed in this term paper inhibit capital inflows into the developing countries. This offers an explanation why the developing world will never economically develop as compared to the developed economies. Although, opponents of the measures presented in this paper, argue that the amount of money in circulation will increase thus eroding the value of the domestic currency. It is concluded that such measures will trigger investments that will offset effects of increase in money supply.

Amazon Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Amazon Case Study - Essay Example It was not without the physical labor by the visionary man himself Jeff Bezos who contributed in its physical transportation and other essential activities that were necessary in the beginning. By the year 1997, it saw massive expansion in form of collaborations with few giant players in the industry namely Silicon Valley. The idea behind the name (Amazon): Since Amazon is the world’s largest river and Jeff Bezos had believe in his ideas, he wanted to develop a platform that is worldwide famous and massive in size. Much to his hard work and planning, Amazon has turned out to be the world’s largest online book store. In a period of nearly one year, it made it across the internet as one of the largest and the only online retailer since there were no major threats and competitors at that time. Vision and objectives: The beginning vision was more focused on making it the largest online book stop, but later the circle expansion was considered and it worked on providing produ cts other than just books as well . The vision was focused on â€Å"customer centric† policy which would focus on meeting the requirements of the customer. Distinct Groups segregation: While the earlier focus was on online sales only, with time the focus was expanded to customers who were clustered into three groups namely â€Å"consumer customers† who are directly associated with the products and services offered by the parent company itself, developer customers who used the technology and resources of Amazon for running their business, and finally the seller customer who used Amazon as a platform to sell their products which were not necessarily the Amazon Proprietary. 1997 letter to the shareholders: Some of the salient points of the letter are: Customers are the focal point Policies would be made keeping in view the long term planning and perspective. Both success and failure would be critically evaluated. The decisions so made would be daring in many ways and this way the new paradigms would be explored through a combination of success and failure from the dare game. 3 pillar strategy: The 3 Pillar strategy has been adopted to accomplish the vision chalked out by the man who started it all Jeff Bezos. These pillars are as follows: Selection: The policy was based on providing the customers with a long list of options in various categories in each of the discipline products that are in the manufacturing capacity of the company. Convenience: Customers are the backbone to any organization and enterprise. Amazon takes this factor in to equal consideration and does all to ensure the customer satisfaction and ease of actions. This is done in form of providing them with many options prior to purchase and order and post order which includes the feedback mechanism. Price: Amazon ensures attracting the customers towards itself in many ways, the price advantage and core competency of reduced prices is part of Amazon strategy. This can be seen in case of the latest e book reader launch Amazon Kindle Fire, which has startled the entire world by its low price. The prices are reduced with no compromise on the quality. The quality

Stratejik Financial Management, provide an evaluation of two projects, Essay

Stratejik Financial Management, provide an evaluation of two projects, both with five year expected lives and identical initial outlays of 110,000 - Essay Example A thorough analysis of what a business venture or investment will impart the company is one of the most important steps in sustaining profitability, maximizing company's resources, and accepting or rejecting prospective projects (Brealey et al, 2005). The payback period is regarded and widely used because of its relative simplicity. Managers prefer to use it because it is generally easy to memorize and to use (Peterson and Fabozzi, 2002). However, this technique disregards the additional cash flow which can be recouped from the project as it only focuses on the time when the whole investment will be recovered (Higgins 2005). Since the concern of the payback period is when, it does not really tell a business organization whether an investment is worth pursuing or not. Also, because of the relative view of managers on when the amount of investment should be recovered, there is no definite conclusion if project should be accepted or not. The following tables show the computation of the Net Present Value (NPVs) of the two projects under consideration. Using the expect annual cash flow, the computed NPV for project 1 is $31,740 while it is $34,200 for project 2. If NPV is only the man consideration of the business organization in capital budgeting decision, it is apparent that both of the projects should be accepted. It should be noted that using the NPV method, any project which does not yield zero NPV should be considered and pursued by the business organization. Thus, in the case of the evaluated projects above, both should be considered as they both yield positive values of NPV. 4. Explain the logic behind the NPV approach. Net Present Value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows (Keown, et al, 2005). The Net Present Value (NPV) analysis is very much different from other capital budgeting techniques like payback period because it takes into account the time value of money. In the computation for total cash flow, it also takes into account the total cash flow from the investment including the depreciation and the tax shield resulting from it. Starting from the expected annual cash flows from the prospective project, managers should assign a specific required rate of return, that is, the rate of return that the companies want to generate from the investment. This is often indicated as an interest rate. For example, if the company's rate of return is 12%, the company will only accept investments which will yield 12% or higher. This method recognizes that the value of dollar today is greater than its expected value tomorrow. Thus, all the cas h flows are discounted according to the required rate of return. After generating the present value of all the expected future cash flows, it then takes the sum of these present values. Logically, if the sum is positive, it means that the project exceeds the required rate of return. In contrast, if the NPV is negative then the project fails to generate the set return. This technique is favored by more economists and managers because it is more realistic. 5. What would happen to NPV if the required rate

Amazon Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Amazon Case Study - Essay Example It was not without the physical labor by the visionary man himself Jeff Bezos who contributed in its physical transportation and other essential activities that were necessary in the beginning. By the year 1997, it saw massive expansion in form of collaborations with few giant players in the industry namely Silicon Valley. The idea behind the name (Amazon): Since Amazon is the world’s largest river and Jeff Bezos had believe in his ideas, he wanted to develop a platform that is worldwide famous and massive in size. Much to his hard work and planning, Amazon has turned out to be the world’s largest online book store. In a period of nearly one year, it made it across the internet as one of the largest and the only online retailer since there were no major threats and competitors at that time. Vision and objectives: The beginning vision was more focused on making it the largest online book stop, but later the circle expansion was considered and it worked on providing produ cts other than just books as well . The vision was focused on â€Å"customer centric† policy which would focus on meeting the requirements of the customer. Distinct Groups segregation: While the earlier focus was on online sales only, with time the focus was expanded to customers who were clustered into three groups namely â€Å"consumer customers† who are directly associated with the products and services offered by the parent company itself, developer customers who used the technology and resources of Amazon for running their business, and finally the seller customer who used Amazon as a platform to sell their products which were not necessarily the Amazon Proprietary. 1997 letter to the shareholders: Some of the salient points of the letter are: Customers are the focal point Policies would be made keeping in view the long term planning and perspective. Both success and failure would be critically evaluated. The decisions so made would be daring in many ways and this way the new paradigms would be explored through a combination of success and failure from the dare game. 3 pillar strategy: The 3 Pillar strategy has been adopted to accomplish the vision chalked out by the man who started it all Jeff Bezos. These pillars are as follows: Selection: The policy was based on providing the customers with a long list of options in various categories in each of the discipline products that are in the manufacturing capacity of the company. Convenience: Customers are the backbone to any organization and enterprise. Amazon takes this factor in to equal consideration and does all to ensure the customer satisfaction and ease of actions. This is done in form of providing them with many options prior to purchase and order and post order which includes the feedback mechanism. Price: Amazon ensures attracting the customers towards itself in many ways, the price advantage and core competency of reduced prices is part of Amazon strategy. This can be seen in case of the latest e book reader launch Amazon Kindle Fire, which has startled the entire world by its low price. The prices are reduced with no compromise on the quality. The quality

HumanBrain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay Example for Free

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay The mutual set of accounting criteria used to develop medical centers financial statements are known as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). GAAP are a mixture of respected criteria created by Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and accountants. The SEC has authority granted by The Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, to determine reporting and disclosure requirements. Oversight is the general functions of the SEC, granting the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) to determine the standards. Generally accepted accounting practices are required for accountant to follow and medical centers to use so medical centers and provide investors with a minimal level of dependability for financing determination. GAAP provides detailed information concerning the medical center fiscal returns, detailed balance and outstanding debt. GAAP guidelines are expected to be upheld by medical centers when giving an account of their economic figures through financial declarations (Finkler Ward, 2006). Going concern principle. Financial statements must be prepared with the belief that the medical center will continue operation indefinitely. Disclosure of pending cease of patient care delivery must be noted in financial statement (Finkler Ward, 2006) Principle of conservatism. Certified public accountants have an obligation to document business purchases that necessitate estimation based on their sound judgment. The total medical equipment productivity time frame and outstanding accounts receivable are illustrations for the use of estimation. In financial data reporting, auditors adhere to conservatism rules, which demands lower appraisal be selected when one or more appraisals are taking in consideration. For example, when the restoration department has reported a five -percent rate return for new MRI machine for the previous three fiscal years, but the medical centers production department claims the reported profit value is inconsistent and there is an expectation that fewer than three percent of the MRI machines will need repair service during the following year. Since there is a discrepancy, the production department will need to presents undeniable proof to authentication the appraisal, the medical center auditor has a duty to adhere to the conservatism principles and prepare for the ive-percent rate return. Losses and costs are documented when they are credible and equitably estimated. Profits are documented when achieved (Finkler Ward, 2006). Matching principle. The medical center expenditures for providing safe patient care should be documented with the corresponding fiscal year in which the income was produced. Documented in the same fiscal year as the income they help to generate. An illustration of this particular cost is the cost of products sold in the medical center, salaries paid to staff. It is consider when patients are admitted to the medical center and the supplies used to provide safe quality care. Revenue is recognized when reimbursed by Medicaid and Medicare (Finkler Ward, 2006). Cost principle. The dollar amount deducted from the budget to purchase land, medical equipment, and supplies. Assets are documented at price purchased, which is equivalent to the price paid to gain acquisition. When a medical centers assets such as property or office structures increase in worth each fiscal year, reappraisal in not required for financial reporting purposes (Finkler Ward, 2006). Objective evidence. For financial reports to be valuable, they must contain information that is pertinent, trustworthy, and organized in a consistent manner. The cost information provided is evidence-based. This means internal and external users could all agree when the medical center reports they purchased telehealth technology for 1. 5 million and they can produce evidence in a form of bank statements or detailed receipt from vendor proving payment, this is reliable information that is verifiable and objective (Finkler Ward, 2006). Materiality principle. Obligates the preparer of the financial report to correct significant errors that otherwise would cause an individual to make a different decision if provided with correct information. When time approaches to approve the budget for additional telehealth equipment, medical center executive may not approve, if they were aware that the program is not beneficial and several telehealth monitors were sitting in storage areas with the local facilities. Insignificant errors may be ignored (Finkler Ward, 2006). Consistency. Medical facilities should use the same accounting methods each fiscal year. Consistency make available significant associations to be achieved among separate fiscal years and among the fiscal reports of separate establishments that employ the similar accounting practices. If the medical center changes their accounting method, the accountant must disclose the change in the financial report (Finkler Ward, 2006). Full disclosure principle. Financial statements usually make available data about the medical center previous performance. However, imminent litigations, unsettled debt, or additional circumstances that have the potential to produce considerable negative influences on the medical centers economic status are also required to be disclosed in financial statements. (Finkler Ward, 2006). In conclusion when medical centers are in compliance with GAAP this will help preserve creditability with creditors and investors because it restore confidence with external customers that the medical center financial reports precisely depict its financial standing.

How Communication Plays A Vital Role English Language Essay

How Communication Plays A Vital Role English Language Essay Communication plays a vital role in our lives. We communicate based on five reasons which are to influence people, to establish or maintain interpersonal relationships, to acquire different kinds of knowledge, to help people, and to play (DeVito, 2001). With this in mind, communication can be considered a sophisticated activity and that is why misunderstandings and conflicts tend to arise. According to Bovà ©e and Thill (2000), communication barriers are usually due to a number of factors such as differences in perception and language, poor listening, emotional interference, cultural differences and physical distraction. Listening skills is an important aspect in effective communication. Listening is defined as the acquisition of information in an interpersonal interaction (Bostrom, 1996a; 1996b). Comprehending, retaining, and responding are the three elements of listening (Rothwell, 2004). There are however, some problems that contribute to the barriers to listening. Qn 1 Based on the clip Stephanie Explodes at Eric, there are three barriers to listening that I observed. First is the competitive interrupting. Competitive interrupting occurs when we dominate the conversation by seizing the floor from others who are speaking. At 00:11 to 00:13, when Eric interrupted Stephanie, the conflict was further ignited. Eric failed to listen to Stephanies points. Erics actions prove that men are more frequent competitive interrupters (Mulac et al., 1988; Stewart et al., 1996). Secondly, I observed ambushing. Ambushing occurs when we listen for weaknesses and ignore the strengths of a speakers message (Rothwell, 2004). At 00:38 to 00:50, Stephanie ambushed Eric by saying that he had an illegitimate child with Brooke, which is totally out of context. In the argument, Eric wants Stephanie to realize that her act of confronting Brooke in front of the media is wrong. However, Stephanie had selectively listened to Erics point of view and attack him by bringing up Brookes personal life story as Wood (2004) mentioned Once a conflict begins, everything that has been stored up is thrown in. Last but not least, I observed content-only response. A content-only response focuses on the content of a message, but it ignores the emotional side of communication. As cited in 1:13 to 1:23 clip; Eric has long known that Stephanie has never agreed to the idea that Brooke works in their family-business company, Forrester Creations. When Stephanie finally thinks that it is the right time to fire Brooke, Eric failed to understand and acknowledge Stephanies feelings towards Brooke. He was too concern with the status of the company. Problems simply arise when we expect or assume the opposite sex should think, feel or act the way we do (Conner, 2000). Qn 2 In enhancing listening skills, a competent communicator needs to take note of informational listening and critical listening. Informational listening expands our knowledge and understanding of our world whereas critical listening helps us sort through bad ideas to discover good ideas that will solve problems and help us make quality decisions that improve our lives (Rothwell, 2004). Both situations require emphatic listening. Emphatic listening requires us to take the perspective of the other person; to listen for what that person needs (Rothwell, 2004). In the clip, both Eric and Stephanie could use emphatic listening to enhance their listening skills. In 00:11 sec, when Stephanie mentioned that Im not as angry with Brooke as I am angry with you, Eric could firstly, used the probing response to seek more information from others by asking questions (Rothwell, 2004). He could have asked Why did you say that? to understand the underlying causes of Stephanies statement. Secondly, Eric could use supporting response which acknowledges the feelings of the speaker and tries to boost the persons confidence (Rothwell, 2004). Instead of saying this is not about you in 1:37 sec, Eric could have said I can see how much Forrester means to you. The response will acknowledge Stephanies feelings thus calming her down. Last but not least, in resolving conflict, Stephanie could use the understanding response which requires a listener to check his or her comprehension of the speakers message by paraphrasing and perception checking (Rothwell, 2004). In time code 1:37 to 1:55, rather than shouting dont you dare talking to me about any damn united front, Stephanie could have responded I understand youre concerned about the future of Forrester, and you agree that Brookes behavior is unacceptable. Qn 3 Based on the clip, I perceived Eric to be in the right. The first attribution that Ive made with regards to his behavior is based on internal attribution which is caused by internal factors such as personality, characteristics and individual belief (Dobkin-Pace, 2006). In the argument, Eric has consistently portrayed a strong characteristic as a businessman as he showed that he certainly knows what is best for the company and stood by it. The first cue is he tells Stephanie that the argument is not about her and that they should worked together to put up a united front so as to convince the media that the company is not falling apart. Secondly, although he has a personal relationship with Brooke, his argument with Stephanie has never been based on his feeling but for the interest of the company. The second attribution I made is based on external attribution which is caused by external forces such as the social situation or physical environment (Dobkin-Pace, 2006). The main reason why the arguments between Eric and Stephanie started is because Stephanie made a rude remark towards Brooke in public which might jeopardize the future of the company. Because the remark was made in public, Eric had to react immediately to defend Brooke hence not able to control himself as he is overwhelmed with shock and anger. I made this attribution based on the words of Eric who reminded Stephanie that it is wrong to insult Brooke in front of her children, employees and media (cue 00:27 sec to 1.05 sec). Qn 4 In making my attribution about Eric, there are two biases that I may have made. Firstly is the fundamental attribution error which is defined as the overestimation of the degree to which other peoples behaviors are due to internal factors and underestimation of the significance of external forces (Dobkin-Pace, 2006). I mentioned earlier that Erics defense toward Brooke is solely for the benefit of the company. However, I may have overestimated the behavior. It can be possible that Eric still have feelings towards Brooke whom he had children with. This in turn, explained his behavior towards Stephanie when she made a remark on Brooke. Secondly is the attractiveness bias which means we tend to think better of attractive than unattractive people and we tend to make positive attributions about their behavior (Dobkin-Pace, 2006). From the start, I have paid more attention to Erics points rather than Stephanie due to the fact that as a women, I tend to be attracted to physical attractiveness of a male as compared to female which I believe affects my attributions. It is natural for human beings to make perceptions toward others without finding the actual facts. Based on the study above, it is proven that these biased perceptions tend to cause grievances, misunderstanding and conflicts. Therefore, it is important to practice good communication in our everyday lives. (1200 words) References: Bostrom, R. N. (1996a). Aspects of listening behavior. In O. Hargie, (Ed.) Handbook of communication skills. (2nd Ed., pp 236-259) London: Routledge. Retrieved February 27, 2010, from http://www.uky.edu/~bostrom/ncalist3.htm Bostrom R. N. (1996b). Cognition, behavior, and listening: A reply to Thomas and Levine. Human Communication Research. Retrieved February 27, 2010, from http://www.uky.edu/~bostrom/ncalist3.htm Bovà ©e, C. L. Thill, J. V. (2008). Business Communication Today (9th ed.). USA: Prentice Hall International, Inc. Retrieved February 26, 2010, from http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elcttr/ES2002/communication_process.html Conner, M. G. (2000). Understanding The Difference Between Men And Women. Retrieved February 28, 2010, from http://www.oregoncounseling.org/ArticlesPapers/Documents/DifferencesMenWomen.htm DeVito, J. A. (2001). The Interpersonal Communication Book (9th ed.). New York: Longman. Retrieved February 26, 2010, from http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elcttr/ES2002/communication_process.html Dobkin-Pace (2006). Communication in a Changing World. Singapore : McGraw Hill. Mulac, A., Wiemann, J., Wideman, S., Dibson, T. (1988). Male/female language differences and effects in same-sex and mixed-sex dyads: The gender-linked language effect. Communication Monographs, 55, 315-335. Rothwell, J. D. (2004). In the Company of Others : An Introduction to Communication. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. Steward, L., Cooper, P., Stewart, A., Friedley, S. A. (1996). Communication and Gender. Scottsdale, AZ: Gorsuch Scarisbrick. Wood, J. T. (2004). Interpersonal Communication: Everyday Encounters. New York: Wadsworth. Retrieved February 27, 2010, from http://department.monm.edu/portfolio/cata2005/kstitt/Relationship%20Paper.htm

Chocolate Chip Cookie report :: essays research papers

To be, or Not to Be the Best   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chocolate Chip Cookie  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The delicious smell of chocolate chip cookies is known to everyone across the nation. Americans thrive on deserts and chocolate chip cookies happen to be one of the many favorites. As there are many different types of deserts, there are also many different brands of chocolate chip cookies. Most Americans have their own preferences about which chocolate chip cookie they consider the best. I made it my goal to go out an find the best chocolate chip cookie by surveying people and testing three popular brands of cookies for flavor, chewiness, and appearance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The three chocolate chip cookie brands tested were Chips Ahoy!, Keebler’s Original Soft Batch, and Cub Foods brand. The three brands were rated on a scale from one to three (three being the best, one the worst) on their flavor, chewiness, and appearance. To score a three on flavor the cookie had to taste delicious and melt in your mouth like ice cream outside on a hot summer day. To score a three on chewiness, it had to be very soft like dough and take a long time to finish. Finally, to rate a three on appearance the cookie had to be very appealing to the taste tester and look delicious to eat. The brand of cookies that scored the highest in each category, I crowned the best chocolate chip cookie in America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As everyone knows in order to be the best cookie, the cookie has to have amazing flavor. I asked my family members to volunteer and taste test each brand of cookies and rate them on a scale from one to three for their flavor. My family members ate each cookie and checked off which brand they preferred. The results show the brand of cookie with the best flavor was Keebler’s Original Soft Batch. Taste testers enjoyed the rich and smooth chocolate in the cookie. The cookie with the second best flavor was Chips Ahoy! brand cookies. Taste testers liked this cookies similarity to cookie dough, but did not enjoy the flavor as much as Keebler’s Original Soft Batch. The cookie with the worst flavor was the Cub Foods brand cookies because their taste was fake and stale. After looking at these results I found Americans prefer the flavor of Keebler’s Original Soft Batch cookies to have the best taste.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another key ingredient in the best cookie has to be the chewiness.

Reaction to Raisin in the Sun/Dream Defered Essay

This poem resonated with me more so than any other so far. It starts out with a simple question about a dream that gets put off and the raisin is a metaphor for the dream or idea that is perished in the blazing sun. The writer uses such vocabulary to ignite all senses to describe the raisin as decaying, festering and stink like rotten meat. IT seems as so the dream is the source of pain for the writer and the ills that accompany the chasing of the dream are pain, anguish and torture. The use of the sun I found to be significant as the sun is the source of all life and covers the whole world and to the individual, the raisin, it causes an unbearable torment. The dream in this poem is not indicated but given the context of the writer I assumed it could be used to explain what we know to be the American Dream where a man can be happy and enjoy life in his own home away from persecution of society. I would compare that that the pain in this poem like the sores and heavy load are the day to day hardships he faces to achieve his dreams. The last line is significant as along with the other lines in the poem he poses questions but this last line is terminal. There are no more transformations the dream can do but to explode and be destroyed completely. This suggests either he gives up or the things that keep him from achieving his dreams causes him to break down and crack mentally perhaps. In â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† we see a typical African American Family with each member having their own dreams and ideas of what they want out of life. They each chase what they believe to be a â€Å"way out† for them and take steps to get there. What keeps this family from achieving them are hardships like lack of money, lack of support and resources that perhaps non-African Americans have. The play depicted the everyday life of African Americans in a way that all cultures can understand. The resemblance to actual people Hansberry invented a situation that was realistic and could be understood by anyone who has ever wanted a better situation in life. The comparison of the poem of Langston Hughes â€Å"Dream Deferred† makes the topic and characters even more realistic. It asks the question what would happen if someone worked all their lives for a dream and was unable to achieve it. And the play shows the audience the real life events of those thoughts and questions in the poem. A Raisin in the Sun is a complicated movie with many levels of social aspects entwined. The movie shows the oppression that was occurring to African Americans at the time especially in housing exploitation. . Walter is just angry at society and wants more of life and himself. Mama and Ruth are more concerned with just getting by and providing better opportunities for the next generation by buying a house and giving it to Travis. Willy Harris steals from his own to get ahead by stealing Walter’s money for the store. Beneatha most represents a feminist who fight the system by wanting to become a doctor and gain an education and fights society’s expectations of her as a black woman. Between the play, movie and poem the ideas expressed transcend too many people and can be considered timeless. As humans we all want better situations and gain a piece of the American Pie that we perceive others to have. We recognize when we are oppressed and persecuted against and which to elevate away from them.

Historical Evolution of Shopping Places

Introduction In the beginning of the history of shopping topographic points, the shopping activity took topographic point in the unfastened infinites with other urban and public maps and activities and activities of the metropolis, like ancient Grecian Agora or Roman Forum. After centuries, the enclosed shopping promenades separated urbanity and shopping activity from each other. These to the full enclosed and environmentally controlled ingestion infinites reinterpreted the urban cloth to imitate a metropolis image and a street like atmosphere indoors. Inside the walls a new metropolis was created, where people shop, eat, entertain, and even kip, acquire married or have a college instruction. Today, urban cloth and shopping promenade integrating is going more of import. Open infinite and sustainable design for shopping promenades are the lifting tendencies in the universe. So, the bing shopping promenades are opening, incorporating with and fabric and continually updating themselves to vie with the emerging shopping topographic points. This recent regeneration tendency is called ‘De-malling’ in the universe. Scope OF STUDY As it is non possible to grok and plan shopping promenades without cognizing their beginning and their development as a type, this thesis explores the history of shopping topographic points through recent tendencies in shopping promenade design. Shopping promenades are accepted as urban public infinites. So, the range of survey is originated harmonizing to urban public infinite quality of shopping promenades. The survey comprises a research on definitions and theories of public kingdom, public infinite, and urbanity and their interaction with shopping promenade design constructs. The shopping infinites in history and the modern-day shopping promenade, from the beginning through the emerging types, are exemplified and examined from literature and Internet, in order to understand their development, their transmutation, and their regeneration grounds, schemes and solutions. In the terminal, the recent schemes besides verify the clients preferring of shopping promenades with improved urb an infinite quality. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF SHOPPING PLACES Today, ingestion has become a lifestyle and shopping promenades are the temples of ingestion. Shopping promenades are renewing urban environing with their multiple functionality, different architectural constructs, and advanced architectural solutions they provide. How do they go that powerful? HISTORY & A ; TYPES The metropolis is an involved being under changeless alteration. In its life mesh, public constructions are bonded to the topographic points where people live, and these, in bend, are bonded to each other, in a rich ruse of adjacency. The metropolis presents us with a new set of environmental thoughts, such as the street, the public square, the defensive wall and its Gatess. It crowds our treatment with a mark of edifice innovations – for illustration, the canal and the garner, the castle and the bath, the market, the bakeshop, stores, eating houses, and libraries. ( A history of Architecture: Settings and Rituals by Spiro Kostof, page: 43 ) ANCIENT TIMES: When Prehistoric people started to pass on they besides started to merchandise. They bartered goods and services from each other. The history of long-distance commercialism began about 150.000 old ages ago. The earliest trading activities took topographic point in meeting and assemblage infinites. ( Shoping Environments: Development, Planning and Design By Peter Coleman ) During the Stone Age, the exchange of obsidian and flint was started. In Catalhoyuk, a Neolithic period colony in southern Anatolia 7500-5000 BC, there is grounds that obsidian tools were traded for points such as Mediterranean Sea shells and flint from Syria. In 1969 Jane Jacobs ( journalist, writer, and activist best known for her influence on urban surveies ) developed a new theory, called New Obsidian Theory, to explicate the advancement of urbanisation in Neolithic ages. In this theory she created an fanciful metropolis and named as New Obsidian, Catalhoyuk was her theoretical account metropolis. Harmonizing to Jacobs, the obsidian trade exposed the New Obsidian metropolis and the whole metropolis was a market topographic point in map. Besides harmonizing to Kostof ( A history of Architecture: Settings and Rituals by Spiro Kostof, p.43 ) , the urban revolution differs from the Neolithic revolution. The metropolis typified a societal procedure and the revolution it brought about was embodied in the interaction of people with each other. One of the primary intents for the initiation and operation of metropoliss is interchanging goods. So, trade is one of the grounds for interactions of people with each other that developed urbanisation. Although it is assumed that trade was started in Neolithic period ; the earliest nonliteral presentation of market topographic point is seen in Egyptian drawings in 1500 BC. But, there is no certain grounds in what infinite or edifice they carried out their trading activities. Before the innovation of money, trade was state’s sovereignty to be. For illustration, in Ancient Egypt, Pharaoh wielded complete control of the land and its resources as the absolute sovereign of the state. All people were his workers. Then they started to merchandise in small graduated tables. They used a sort of swap system. The ancient Egyptians did non gestate the usage of money until the Late Time period. During the 5Thursdaycentury B.C. , money was introduced from abroad. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.touregypt.net/featurestories/prices.htm ) In the antediluvian E, ironss of retail shops are known to hold operated in China in several centuries B.C. Chinese people traded salt, Fe, fish, cowss, and silk through the celebrated Silk Road, they besides traded externally: goods from China could be traded by Greece ( hypertext transfer protocol: //ancienthistory.about.com/od/china/ss/082208china_5.htm ) Agora The Agora was an unfastened ‘‘place of assembly’’ in ancient Grecian city states. The most of import map of the agora was topographic point for day-to-day communications and formal and informal assembly. In the beginning, the citizens would garner in the agora for military responsibility or to hear statements of the governing male monarch or council, early in the Grecian history in 900s-700s B.C. Later, the Agora defined as an open-air, frequently tented market topographic point of a metropolis where merchandisers had their stores and where craftsmen made and sold their wares. Agora was the generation of modern urban infinite. On market yearss, goods were laid out on mats or on impermanent stables to let other activities – such as vote and argument, public shows, athleticss and parades – to take topographic point outside market yearss. The earliest trading took topographic point at the hub of the colony, and so established the integrated relationship between trading and the bosom of civilised activity in the centre of the towns. ( Shoping Environments: Development, Planning and Design By Peter Coleman ) Agora was located on the crossings of chief roads of the metropolis and surrounded by public edifices. One of the of import parts of the Agora was the Stoa. Stoa comprises covered paseos or porticos for public use. Large porticoes appeared on the chief roads of the large towns during the Greek and Roman periods. In the ancient Grecian merchandisers spread their wares under the colonnades of the Stoa, which was particularly designated for their activity. Still there were no lasting stores as a physically defined infinite for stores in the Grecian Agora. The Grecian metropoliss developed in a self-generated, organic manner, lacked consistent street systems, and contained ‘only the beginnings of arcaded public promenades’ . But subsequently, get downing in the 6th century B.C. , new Grecian metropoliss emerged that were based on a systematic program, called gridiron, with standardised blocks, long broad avenues, and a rectangular agora surrounded by colonnaded streets. The Romans extended this program. ROMAN FORUM Forum is the market topographic point or public topographic point of an ancient Roman metropolis, the centre of judicial and concern personal businesss and a topographic point of assembly for the people ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/forum ( 12.12.2009 ) ) . Just like Greek Agora, the major metropoliss of the Roman period formed unfastened infinites as the centre of the civic life, which were surrounded by temples, basilicas, bathing machines and province edifices. Shopping was one of the activities which took topographic point both in the edifices and in the forum infinite.( Shoping Environments: Development, Planning and Design By Peter Coleman ) The Roman Forum, which was a rectangular courtyard surrounded by stores, was located on the axis, between basilica and capitol ( Figure 3.6 ) . This program was repeated throughout the Empire. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio who was born in 80–70 B.C. and died after 15 B.C. has been called as world’s foremost known applied scientist. He outlined the standardisation and usage of readymade theoretical accounts in his treatise. As a consequence, from the first century B.C. new towns and municipalities became miniature Romes. The function of architectural invention had been reduced. The major forum was called the Forum Romanum. The others named as the Forum Caesaris, the Forum Trajani, the forum boarium ( the cowss market ) , the forum piscarium ( the fish market ) , the forum holitorium ( the veggie market ) , and the forum suarium ( the pig market ) ; like today’s supermarkets. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_pennellhistoryofrome47.htm ) Trajan Market Trajan’s Market provided a wholly new image for urban design, as a radical composite of domed infinites for commercial and societal intents. Apollodorus of Damascus built the Market in AD 100-110 in the clip of Emperor Trajan. During the in-between Ages the composite was transformed by adding floor degrees. Trajan’s Forum is likely to hold been one of the first aggregations of defined stores and was a brilliant agreement of shared-use edifices. It was the first illustration of the stores mostly under screen and arranged on several degrees. Trajan’s Forum was holding approximately 150 stores on assorted degrees. The upper degrees were used for offices while the lower portion, had shops selling oil, vinos, seafood, food markets, veggies and fruit. MEDIEVAL TO 19ThursdayCentury After the autumn of the Western Roman Empire in 5Thursdaycentury, Western Europe drifted into 500 old ages or so of dark ages, shopping included. The large-scale retail environment of the Roman forum was non re-attained until many centuries subsequently. However, merchandising ne'er ceased and swap became the footing for exchange of goods instead than money. Following the dark ages, the in-between Ages witnessed the first sustained urbanisation of northern and western Europe. As a consequence, towns began to proper once more, alongside the palaces and abbeys, finally broadening and developing into trading centres. ( Shoping Environments: Development, Planning and Design By Peter Coleman ) Medieval MARKET HALL AND TOWN HALL The market and town halls were the bosom of trading and concern activity of the metropolis. They were located along with the market square, in the centre of the town. The early market and town hall edifices combined the two utilizations: the first floor was disposal, the land floor remained unfastened between the columns and was used as an extension to the market. The wares displayed on removable stables. After a piece, the land floors were arranged into a group of little stores. So, the defined store infinites in Northern Europe started. This format of outward confronting aggregations of stores would come to organize the footing of shop-lined streets throughout Europe in ulterior centuries. By 1300AD lasting constructions had begun to irrupt on to open market topographic points. These islands of edifices originated as impermanent stables arranged in narrow rows devoted to peculiar trades. Subsequently, the stables were replaced by edifices with domestic adjustment or storage above a stall or store, and many were finally reconstructed as complete houses. A really good illustration of a combined market and town hall supplying a aggregation of defined stores can be found at the Ring in Breslau – 1275, today Wroclaw in Poland. The Breslau Market Buildings are one of the earliest illustrations of purpose-made single-use market edifices. Beside the town hall, four analogue linear ways lined with stores on each side provided clandestine stables for different types of trade. The market was founded harmonizing to Magdeburg Law every bit early as the regulation of Henry I the Bearded between 1214 and 1232. Over clip, the patricians ‘ houses appeared and by the center of the fourteenth century they had formed a closed building with the bounds of the secret plans defined. The Magdeburg Law were a set of German town Torahs modulating the grade of internal liberty within metropoliss and small towns granted with it by a local swayer. The jurisprudence was a milepost in urbanisation of the part and prompted the development of 1000s of small towns and metropoliss. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg_rights ) By the 16Thursdaycentury, across Europe market edifices were no longer combined with town halls. Alternatively, market halls were built as big additive constructions covering long nave-like infinites, with side aisles lined with stables organizing aggregations of stores.

Shakespeare Sonnet Compare and Contrast Essay

Sonnet Compare and Contrast Essay Love can be expressed and described in many different ways. Shakespeare`s sonnets â€Å"116† and â€Å"18† justify that love has the ability to create extremely powerful feelings between two people, which can help them achieve the ultimate sense of happiness. To that end, when people experience true love they live a more joyful and content life. When a person finds love their lives are filled with joy and pleasure that bring true happiness into ones life.In sonnet â€Å"116†, Shakespeare writes that love should be; â€Å"an ever fixed mark, / That looks on tempests and is never shaken,† (lines 4-5). Shakespeare is speaking of a building that could never be destroyed. This quote carries a metaphor within it, by referring to love as a sturdy building. True love should never collapse; it should always hold fast and be strong no matter how dire a situation is. The metaphor also brings to light the idea that love can empower a person by creating a sense of strength and stability in between the two people that share it.In sonnet â€Å"18,† Shakespeare is able to justify that when one is in love, one will always see the beautiful side of the person they admire. This is described in lines 9-10 â€Å"[†¦] thy eternal summer shall not fade, / Nor lose possession of that fair owest;† Shakespeare is comparing a glorious and never ending summer to how a person views their true love. Through the lover’s eye, beauty and youth will never fade. This quote also contains a hyperbole, one cannot be youthful forever, just like summer does not last all year, but in the eyes of those in love beauty doesn’t change and summer doesn’t turn to fall.One that has experienced true love has a enhanced view on life, and becomes deeply invested into their soul mate. In both poems, Shakespeare declares that when two people are in love, they in turn create deep enthusiasm for another. A person i n love see`s eternal beauty in the other. Sonnet â€Å"18† compares â€Å"thee to a summer`s day? / Though are more lovely and temperate† (lines 1-2). Shakespeare uses a comparison to a beautiful summer day, to explain that a person in love believes that their soul mate is lovelier.By using an association with something tangible like the warmth and beauty of summer, Shakespeare is able to validate the couples enthusiasm and intensity of feelings for each other. As shown in sonnet â€Å"116† metaphors are also used to show love, Lines 4-5 provide an even deeper and more significant meaning for this sonnet. The metaphor makes love seem like an unbreakable structure, one that is built on trust, admiration, and no doubt of wavering feelings. Lines 4-5 contain examples of diction such as, â€Å"never,† â€Å"shaken,† and â€Å"tempest†.Diction is used in this quote to create a deeper meaning and emphasize on how firm the structure should be. The word â€Å"never† gives a sense of confidence that nothing will ever be destroyed and the love will always be the same. Love creates enthusiasm within a person, causing them feel a deep compassion for another, but love also makes a person stronger by guiding them through problematic moments Love should be able to guide people through hard times and support them when they need it most.The quote in line 2-5 of Sonnet â€Å"116† is very metaphorical because the quote implies that love should be strong and will never let a person down no matter how hard the situation is. As Shakespeare said, â€Å"Love is not love, Which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove,† he refers to love as being something tangible, as a solid unbreakable object. By doing so, he explains that true love cannot just come and go with the tide or the wind but that it is a stable and durable fixture. Love should not only make a person stronger, it should also have th e ability of guiding and giving advice to a lover.In Sonnet â€Å"116† line 7, Shakespeare states that love is, â€Å"the star to every wandering bark†. This phrase compares the North Star, which is used by different vessels, as a guide to love. The vessel is a lost and hopeless soul but the star is love which helps guide a person to happiness. Once a person finds their rock, they are able to grow and have confidence knowing that they have somebody to support them. Shakespeare`s sonnets â€Å"116† and â€Å"18† validates that love is a powerful connection between two people.

The impact of advice and guidance on student retention at college of Essay

The impact of advice and guidance on student retention at college of further education - Essay Example In other words, we could say that education is what makes a person. For the past thirty years or so, researchers have been showing a keen interest in relatively two specific areas which are correlated to both schools and colleges. One area is school effectiveness and the other is school improvement. This study is going to investigate some of the key points relating to student retention and how guidance and advice can make a huge difference in children making the right choices where their education id concerned. The study is also going to examine the key factors that are responsible for colleges to be effective. It is also going to focus on those areas that deal with how these colleges make use of necessary tools in order that it becomes more effective. Besides these two important notions, most educators and researchers are of the opinion that education does make a huge difference in the life of the student. The research is going to examine those departments within a college in order to seek out and know how some colleges are much better than the rest, what makes them better and how the staff and heads of department develop and implement measures to enhance student’s performance and maintain a very good track record for conduct as well as learning outcomes. Different researchers place their emphasis slightly differently but the following list of factors drawn from Reynolds et al (1997) and Mortimore (1998) seems to be reasonably accepted – Therefore the following areas would be examined in this study – The literature review is going to examine some of the important facets that are necessary to mitigate Student Retention in colleges. It is also going to highlight different ways and means that could help students to make the right choices where their education is concerned. When referring to some of the demographic factors it is said that ‘In Britain, withdrawn students do not have a markedly different profile from completing